Lección 2: Estados físicos y anímicos
In Módulo 1 you learned some of the forms of the verb estar. It is conjugated similar to other -ar verbs; however, some of its forms have an accent.
| Español |
English |
| yo estoy |
nosotros/as estamos |
| tú estás |
vosotros/as estáis |
| usted está |
ustedes están |
| él/ella está |
ellos/ellas están |
Emotional and physical states, such as those listed here, are used with the verb estar. They are adjectives, and therefore must agree with the person or object they modify in gender and number.
| Estados físicos y anímicos |
Physical and emotional states |
| aburrido/a |
bored |
| cómodo/a |
comfortable |
| contento/a |
glad |
| de buen humor |
in a good mood |
| deprimido/a |
depressed |
| emocionado/a |
excited |
| enamorado/a |
in love |
| enfermo/a |
sick |
| enojado/a |
angry |
| feliz |
happy |
| frustrado/a |
frustrated |
| nervioso/a |
nervous |
| ocupado/a |
busy |
| preocupado/a |
worried |
| sano/a |
healthy |
| triste |
sad |
| Español |
English |
| Estoy un poco cansado. |
I am a little tired. |
| Julisa y Renata están muy ocupadas. |
Julisa and Renata are very busy. |
| Mis padres están preocupados. |
My parents are worried. |
¡OJO! Remember that words that end in -z have a spelling change in the plural.
| Español |
English |
| Mis padres están felices hoy. |
My parents are happy today. |
Some states in Spanish are expressed with the verb tener. Here are some of the more common physical and mental states expressed with tener.
| Español |
English |
| tener (mucho) calor |
to be (very) hot |
| tener (mucho) frío |
to be (very) cold |
| tener (mucha) hambre |
to be (very) hungry |
| tener (mucho) miedo |
to be (very) afraid |
| tener (mucha) prisa |
to be in (a big) hurry |
| tener (mucha) sed |
to be (very) thirsty |
| tener (mucho) sueño |
to be (very) sleepy |
Unlike with the verb estar, tener is used with nouns, and therefore, there is no agreement with the person or object. When expressing degrees, these expressions are used with mucho rather than muy.
| Español |
English |
| Vanesa tiene mucho frío. |
Vanesa is very cold. |
| Mis amigos tienen prisa. |
My friends are in a hurry. |
