Book Title: PPSC HIS 1310 Western Civilization: Antiquity to 1650

PPSC HIS 1310 Western Civilization: Antiquity to 1650 by Cynthia Krutsinger is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

This reading was adopted from The Western Civilization: A Concise Edition, Volume 1 and 2 at the Open Textbook Library. This project is licensed under CC BY 4.0 and has been remixed for Pikes Peak Community College.

Cover Image: “Parthenon from south” Wikimedia Commons. December 2005. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Parthenon_from_south.jpg