{"id":110,"date":"2024-11-07T19:44:45","date_gmt":"2024-11-07T19:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/?post_type=chapter&p=110"},"modified":"2025-01-10T21:30:05","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T21:30:05","slug":"leccion-4","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/chapter\/leccion-4\/","title":{"raw":"Lecci\u00f3n 4: Hay y los sustantivos","rendered":"Lecci\u00f3n 4: Hay y los sustantivos"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n
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A noun<\/h2>\r\n <\/header>\r\n
\r\n

A noun (sustantivo<\/strong>) is a person, place, thing, or idea. To make a noun plural, you add an -s<\/strong> or -es<\/strong>. Note that words that end in -z<\/strong> change to -c<\/strong> when they are made plural.<\/p>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n <\/colgroup>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n
<\/td>\r\n singular<\/th>\r\n plural<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n
vocal (a e i o u)<\/th>\r\n libro<\/td>\r\n libros<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n
consonante<\/th>\r\n papel<\/td>\r\n papeles<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n
-z<\/th>\r\n l\u00e1piz<\/td>\r\n l\u00e1pices<\/strong><\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n

Nouns have gender<\/h2>\r\n <\/header>\r\n
\r\n

Spanish nouns have gender which means that they are either masculine or feminine.<\/p>\r\n

Masculine nouns<\/p>\r\n

    \r\n
  • can refer to a man, such as el profesor<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n
  • that refer to a place or a thing often end in -o<\/strong>, such as el libro<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n

    Feminine nouns<\/p>\r\n

      \r\n
    • can refer to a woman, such as la profesora<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n
    • that refer to a place or a thing often end in -a<\/strong>, such as la silla<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n <\/ul>\r\n

      There are some exceptions, such as el día<\/strong> and la moto<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

      \r\n
      \r\n

      The definite article<\/h2>\r\n <\/header>\r\n
      \r\n

      The definite article the<\/em> is used with a specific noun or a noun that has been mentioned before. The Spanish article indicates the gender of a noun (masculine or feminine) as well as number (singular or plural).<\/p>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n <\/colgroup>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n
      <\/td>\r\n Singular<\/th>\r\n Plural<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n
      Masculine<\/th>\r\n el<\/td>\r\n los<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n
      Feminine<\/th>\r\n la<\/td>\r\n las<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/table>\r\n

      Example: The definite article<\/p>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n <\/colgroup>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n
      Espa\u00f1ol<\/th>\r\n English<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/thead>\r\n
      \u00bfC\u00f3mo se llama la <\/strong>profesora?<\/td>\r\n What is the <\/strong>professor\u2019s name?<\/em><\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n
      \u00bfC\u00f3mo se llaman los <\/strong>estudiantes?<\/td>\r\n What are the <\/strong>students\u2019 names?<\/em><\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
      \r\n
      \r\n

      The indefinite article<\/h2>\r\n <\/header>\r\n
      \r\n

      The indefinite article (a\/an<\/em> or some<\/em>) is used when referring to a noun that is not specific or has not been mentioned previously. It also indicates gender and number.<\/p>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n <\/colgroup>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n
      <\/td>\r\n Singular<\/th>\r\n Plural<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n
      Masculine<\/th>\r\n un<\/td>\r\n unos<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n
      Feminine<\/th>\r\n una<\/td>\r\n unas<\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/table>\r\n

      Examples: The indefinite article<\/p>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n <\/colgroup>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n
      Espa\u00f1ol<\/th>\r\n English<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/thead>\r\n
      \u00bfHay una<\/strong> computadora en el sal\u00f3n de clase?<\/td>\r\n Is there a<\/strong> computer in the classroom?<\/em><\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n
      Hay unos<\/strong> libros en la mochila.<\/td>\r\n There are some<\/strong> books in the backpack.<\/em><\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
      \r\n
      \r\n

      Hay<\/h2>\r\n <\/header>\r\n
      \r\n

      Hay<\/strong> means there is<\/em> or there are<\/em>. When used with a singular noun, the indefinite article (un\/una<\/strong>) is used. However, with plural nouns and negative statements, the article is often omitted.<\/p>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n <\/colgroup>\r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n \r\n
      Espa\u00f1ol<\/th>\r\n English<\/th>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/thead>\r\n
      Hay <\/strong>un libro en el escritorio.<\/td>\r\n There is<\/em><\/strong> a book on the desk.<\/em><\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n
      No hay <\/strong>estudiantes en el sal\u00f3n de clase.<\/td>\r\n There are<\/em><\/strong> no students in the classroom.<\/em><\/td>\r\n <\/tr>\r\n <\/tbody>\r\n <\/table>\r\n <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"
      \n
      \n

      A noun<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n
      \n

      A noun (sustantivo<\/strong>) is a person, place, thing, or idea. To make a noun plural, you add an -s<\/strong> or -es<\/strong>. Note that words that end in -z<\/strong> change to -c<\/strong> when they are made plural.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n <\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n
      <\/td>\nsingular<\/th>\nplural<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
      vocal (a e i o u)<\/th>\nlibro<\/td>\nlibros<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      consonante<\/th>\npapel<\/td>\npapeles<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      -z<\/th>\nl\u00e1piz<\/td>\nl\u00e1pices<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n
      \n

      Nouns have gender<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n
      \n

      Spanish nouns have gender which means that they are either masculine or feminine.<\/p>\n

      Masculine nouns<\/p>\n

        \n
      • can refer to a man, such as el profesor<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
      • that refer to a place or a thing often end in -o<\/strong>, such as el libro<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Feminine nouns<\/p>\n

          \n
        • can refer to a woman, such as la profesora<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
        • that refer to a place or a thing often end in -a<\/strong>, such as la silla<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          There are some exceptions, such as el día<\/strong> and la moto<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n

          \n
          \n

          The definite article<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n
          \n

          The definite article the<\/em> is used with a specific noun or a noun that has been mentioned before. The Spanish article indicates the gender of a noun (masculine or feminine) as well as number (singular or plural).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n <\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n
          <\/td>\nSingular<\/th>\nPlural<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          Masculine<\/th>\nel<\/td>\nlos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Feminine<\/th>\nla<\/td>\nlas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

          Example: The definite article<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n <\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Espa\u00f1ol<\/th>\nEnglish<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          \u00bfC\u00f3mo se llama la <\/strong>profesora?<\/td>\nWhat is the <\/strong>professor\u2019s name?<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u00bfC\u00f3mo se llaman los <\/strong>estudiantes?<\/td>\nWhat are the <\/strong>students\u2019 names?<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          \n

          The indefinite article<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n
          \n

          The indefinite article (a\/an<\/em> or some<\/em>) is used when referring to a noun that is not specific or has not been mentioned previously. It also indicates gender and number.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n <\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n
          <\/td>\nSingular<\/th>\nPlural<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
          Masculine<\/th>\nun<\/td>\nunos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Feminine<\/th>\nuna<\/td>\nunas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

          Examples: The indefinite article<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n <\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Espa\u00f1ol<\/th>\nEnglish<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          \u00bfHay una<\/strong> computadora en el sal\u00f3n de clase?<\/td>\nIs there a<\/strong> computer in the classroom?<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          Hay unos<\/strong> libros en la mochila.<\/td>\nThere are some<\/strong> books in the backpack.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
          \n

          Hay<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n
          \n

          Hay<\/strong> means there is<\/em> or there are<\/em>. When used with a singular noun, the indefinite article (un\/una<\/strong>) is used. However, with plural nouns and negative statements, the article is often omitted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n <\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Espa\u00f1ol<\/th>\nEnglish<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          Hay <\/strong>un libro en el escritorio.<\/td>\nThere is<\/em><\/strong> a book on the desk.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          No hay <\/strong>estudiantes en el sal\u00f3n de clase.<\/td>\nThere are<\/em><\/strong> no students in the classroom.<\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-110","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":78,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/110","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/110\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":980,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/110\/revisions\/980"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/78"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/110\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=110"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=110"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/spanish1011\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}