{"id":2837,"date":"2024-01-07T23:48:21","date_gmt":"2024-01-07T23:48:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/chapter\/7-6-chapter-glossary\/"},"modified":"2024-01-15T17:16:20","modified_gmt":"2024-01-15T17:16:20","slug":"7-6-chapter-glossary","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/chapter\/7-6-chapter-glossary\/","title":{"raw":"7.6 Chapter Glossary","rendered":"7.6 Chapter Glossary"},"content":{"raw":" \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Chapter Glossary<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n
Authority<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Woolf, the claim by a State to have power over individuals.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Autonomy<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Woolf, the absolute moral freedom of the autonomous individual.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Christian Anarchism<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA form of pacifist Christianity which claims Christians have no duty to obey the State if it commands them to act violently.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Coercion<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Difference Principle<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Rawls, part of his second principle for a just society recognizing that different members of a society will carry differing skills and limitations.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Divine Right of Kings<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAn ancient theory that God appoints monarchs and thus renders their actions unquestionable.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Justice<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe establishment of fairness in a society.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Law of Nature<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Hobbes, a rational moral rule prohibiting self-destruction.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Legal Rights<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA society's customs, laws, statutes, or actions by legislatures.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Liberty<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Hobbes, the absence of external impediments, especially from governments.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Moral Luck<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Sandel, the fact that random chance has benefitted some and harmed others without praise or blame owing to them.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Natural Rights<\/strong><\/td>\r\nRights which are \"natural\" in the sense of \"not artificial, not man-made\", as in rights deriving from human nature or from the edicts of a god.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Negative Rights<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA claim of an entitlement to not be interfered with by others.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Non-resistance<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Tolstoy, the obligation of a Christian not to return evil for evil but to turn the other cheek.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Obligations<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe correlative of rights claims, that they imply others have certain duties vis a vis the claimant.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Original Position<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Rawls, the hypothetical state of humanity prior to any government.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Positive Rights<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA claim of an entitlement to a specific service or treatment from others.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Principle of Equal Liberties<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Rawls, the first principle we should seek to establish in a just society, giving equal freedoms to all.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Principle of Equal Opportunity<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Rawls, part of his second principle for a just society granting all a chance to improve themselves.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Right of Nature<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Hobbes, the right of human beings in a state of nature to preserve their own lives.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Rights<\/strong><\/td>\r\nLegal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
State of nature<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Hobbes, the hypothetical state of humanity without any government.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Theoretical anarchism<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe position that a State has no moral legitimacy and that individuals have no moral duty to obey the State.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Veil of Ignorance<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor Rawls, our not knowing what our status will be when we leave the original position and enter society.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>","rendered":"

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Chapter Glossary<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
Authority<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Woolf, the claim by a State to have power over individuals.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Autonomy<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Woolf, the absolute moral freedom of the autonomous individual.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Christian Anarchism<\/strong><\/td>\nA form of pacifist Christianity which claims Christians have no duty to obey the State if it commands them to act violently.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Coercion<\/strong><\/td>\nThe practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Difference Principle<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Rawls, part of his second principle for a just society recognizing that different members of a society will carry differing skills and limitations.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Divine Right of Kings<\/strong><\/td>\nAn ancient theory that God appoints monarchs and thus renders their actions unquestionable.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Justice<\/strong><\/td>\nThe establishment of fairness in a society.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Law of Nature<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Hobbes, a rational moral rule prohibiting self-destruction.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Legal Rights<\/strong><\/td>\nA society’s customs, laws, statutes, or actions by legislatures.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Liberty<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Hobbes, the absence of external impediments, especially from governments.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Moral Luck<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Sandel, the fact that random chance has benefitted some and harmed others without praise or blame owing to them.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Natural Rights<\/strong><\/td>\nRights which are “natural” in the sense of “not artificial, not man-made”, as in rights deriving from human nature or from the edicts of a god.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Negative Rights<\/strong><\/td>\nA claim of an entitlement to not be interfered with by others.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Non-resistance<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Tolstoy, the obligation of a Christian not to return evil for evil but to turn the other cheek.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Obligations<\/strong><\/td>\nThe correlative of rights claims, that they imply others have certain duties vis a vis the claimant.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Original Position<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Rawls, the hypothetical state of humanity prior to any government.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Positive Rights<\/strong><\/td>\nA claim of an entitlement to a specific service or treatment from others.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Principle of Equal Liberties<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Rawls, the first principle we should seek to establish in a just society, giving equal freedoms to all.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Principle of Equal Opportunity<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Rawls, part of his second principle for a just society granting all a chance to improve themselves.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Right of Nature<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Hobbes, the right of human beings in a state of nature to preserve their own lives.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rights<\/strong><\/td>\nLegal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
State of nature<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Hobbes, the hypothetical state of humanity without any government.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Theoretical anarchism<\/strong><\/td>\nThe position that a State has no moral legitimacy and that individuals have no moral duty to obey the State.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Veil of Ignorance<\/strong><\/td>\nFor Rawls, our not knowing what our status will be when we leave the original position and enter society.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[62,63],"license":[55],"class_list":["post-2837","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-daniel-g-shaw","contributor-ph-d","license-cc-by-nc"],"part":2816,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/101"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2837\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2967,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2837\/revisions\/2967"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/2816"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/2837\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=2837"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=2837"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=2837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}