{"id":2778,"date":"2024-01-07T23:44:51","date_gmt":"2024-01-07T23:44:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/chapter\/5-7-chapter-glossary\/"},"modified":"2024-01-15T17:07:42","modified_gmt":"2024-01-15T17:07:42","slug":"5-7-chapter-glossary","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/introtophilosophy\/chapter\/5-7-chapter-glossary\/","title":{"raw":"5.7 Chapter Glossary","rendered":"5.7 Chapter Glossary"},"content":{"raw":"
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Chapter Glossary<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n

Agnosticism<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe choice to not think about whether or not one believes in God.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Atheism<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe denial of the existence of a god or gods or any type of divine reality.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Contingent Being<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA being whose existence logically depends upon the existence of something other than itself; a being that could logically not exist as well as exist.\u00a0 This applies to everything in the physical universe.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Cosmological Argument<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAn argument for the existence of God based upon observed properties in the natural world like causality and contingency.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Epicurean Paradox<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAn early expression of the Problem of Evil.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Forced Option<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor James, a choice that is unavoidable.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Free Will Defense<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAn argument that attempts to explain the existence of evil as necessary for human freedom.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Genuine option<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor James, a choice that is forced, living and momentous.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Greater Good Defense<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAn argument that attempts to explain the existence of evil as necessary for leading to a greater good for all.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Kalam Argument<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA cosmological argument for the existence of God stressing that the universe must have a first cause.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Living Option<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor James, a choice that is still available to you.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Momentous Option<\/strong><\/td>\r\nFor James, a choice that has huge consequences.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Monotheism<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe belief in the existence of only one God that created yet transcends the universe.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Moral Evil<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe evil caused by human beings.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Natural Evil<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe evil caused by forces of nature.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Natural Theology<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe effort to use reason alone, without appeal to scripture, to make claims about the divine.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Necessary Being<\/strong><\/td>\r\nA being whose existence logically depends upon nothing other than itself for explanation; a being that cannot \u201cnot\u201d exist.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Non-evidentialism<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe philosophy that acknowledges that proofs of God\u2019s existence come short but stresses the inevitability of having to choose for or against God nonetheless.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Omnibenevolence<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe claim that God is all good.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Omnipotence<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe claim that God is all powerful.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Omnipresence<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe claim that God is everywhere.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Omniscience<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe claim that God is all knowing.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ontological Argument<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAn argument for the existence of God based not upon observation but using only deductive reasoning from principles.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Ontos<\/strong><\/td>\r\nGreek for pure being or existence.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Predicate<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAn attribute or characteristic of something.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Principle of Sufficient Reason<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe claim that everything that exists must have an explanation for why it exists.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Result of Sin Defense<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAn early attempt to explain evil and suffering as a consequence of human sinfulness.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Spiritual Purification Defense.<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAn argument that attempts to explain the existence of evil as necessary for the pursuit of virtue and character.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Teleological Argument<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAn argument for the existence of God based upon apparent design or purpose in the universe.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Theism<\/strong><\/td>\r\nThe belief in the existence of a god or gods.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Theophany<\/strong><\/td>\r\nAn argument that attempts to explain the existence of evil in the world, especially if God is claimed to both exist and be all powerful and be good.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
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<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

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\n

Chapter Glossary<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n

Agnosticism<\/strong><\/td>\nThe choice to not think about whether or not one believes in God.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Atheism<\/strong><\/td>\nThe denial of the existence of a god or gods or any type of divine reality.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Contingent Being<\/strong><\/td>\nA being whose existence logically depends upon the existence of something other than itself; a being that could logically not exist as well as exist.\u00a0 This applies to everything in the physical universe.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cosmological Argument<\/strong><\/td>\nAn argument for the existence of God based upon observed properties in the natural world like causality and contingency.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Epicurean Paradox<\/strong><\/td>\nAn early expression of the Problem of Evil.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Forced Option<\/strong><\/td>\nFor James, a choice that is unavoidable.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Free Will Defense<\/strong><\/td>\nAn argument that attempts to explain the existence of evil as necessary for human freedom.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Genuine option<\/strong><\/td>\nFor James, a choice that is forced, living and momentous.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Greater Good Defense<\/strong><\/td>\nAn argument that attempts to explain the existence of evil as necessary for leading to a greater good for all.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kalam Argument<\/strong><\/td>\nA cosmological argument for the existence of God stressing that the universe must have a first cause.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Living Option<\/strong><\/td>\nFor James, a choice that is still available to you.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Momentous Option<\/strong><\/td>\nFor James, a choice that has huge consequences.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Monotheism<\/strong><\/td>\nThe belief in the existence of only one God that created yet transcends the universe.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Moral Evil<\/strong><\/td>\nThe evil caused by human beings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Natural Evil<\/strong><\/td>\nThe evil caused by forces of nature.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Natural Theology<\/strong><\/td>\nThe effort to use reason alone, without appeal to scripture, to make claims about the divine.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Necessary Being<\/strong><\/td>\nA being whose existence logically depends upon nothing other than itself for explanation; a being that cannot \u201cnot\u201d exist.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Non-evidentialism<\/strong><\/td>\nThe philosophy that acknowledges that proofs of God\u2019s existence come short but stresses the inevitability of having to choose for or against God nonetheless.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Omnibenevolence<\/strong><\/td>\nThe claim that God is all good.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Omnipotence<\/strong><\/td>\nThe claim that God is all powerful.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Omnipresence<\/strong><\/td>\nThe claim that God is everywhere.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Omniscience<\/strong><\/td>\nThe claim that God is all knowing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ontological Argument<\/strong><\/td>\nAn argument for the existence of God based not upon observation but using only deductive reasoning from principles.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ontos<\/strong><\/td>\nGreek for pure being or existence.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Predicate<\/strong><\/td>\nAn attribute or characteristic of something.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Principle of Sufficient Reason<\/strong><\/td>\nThe claim that everything that exists must have an explanation for why it exists.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Result of Sin Defense<\/strong><\/td>\nAn early attempt to explain evil and suffering as a consequence of human sinfulness.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spiritual Purification Defense.<\/strong><\/td>\nAn argument that attempts to explain the existence of evil as necessary for the pursuit of virtue and character.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Teleological Argument<\/strong><\/td>\nAn argument for the existence of God based upon apparent design or purpose in the universe.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Theism<\/strong><\/td>\nThe belief in the existence of a god or gods.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Theophany<\/strong><\/td>\nAn argument that attempts to explain the existence of evil in the world, especially if God is claimed to both exist and be all powerful and be good.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\n

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