{"id":136,"date":"2022-01-04T20:46:57","date_gmt":"2022-01-04T20:46:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his247su22\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=136"},"modified":"2022-01-14T19:44:08","modified_gmt":"2022-01-14T19:44:08","slug":"the-cold-war","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/chapter\/the-cold-war\/","title":{"raw":"4.1 The Cold War","rendered":"4.1 The Cold War"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Introduction to the Cold War<\/h2>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_224\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"268\"]<img class=\" wp-image-224\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his247su22\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2022\/01\/Churchill.png\" alt=\"Churchill, Truman, and Stalin together at an event\" width=\"268\" height=\"335\" \/> UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill, President Harry Truman, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. Attribution: Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAs most European countries faced a long road to recovery from the devastation of WWII, the United States emerged as a lone superpower. Within a few years, however, the Soviet Union challenged the status of America\u2019s dominance. This rivalry created what is dubbed the bipolar world as each side competed to impose its political and economic ideologies upon others. Nations began to align themselves with either superpower and those who resisted Western or Eastern influence were dubbed \u201cthird world nations.\u201d\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Macrohistory: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch23w.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The United Nations (2 pages)<\/a>\r\nMacrohistory: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch23set.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Victors against the Defeated (7 pages)<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?token=47587&amp;wID=151823&amp;plt=FOD&amp;loid=518609&amp;w=640&amp;h=480&amp;fWidth=660&amp;fHeight=530\" width=\"660\" height=\"530\" frameborder=\"0\">\u00a0<\/iframe><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Cold War.\u00a0<\/em>Films on Demand. 2009. Accessed October 31, 2020. https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=151823&amp;xtid=47587.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=151823&amp;xtid=47587&amp;loid=143111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Potsdam and Atomic Bomb<\/a> [via Films on Demand]<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">If you get an error saying the video can't be authenticated, use the link found in the title to view it.<\/p>\r\nDistrust and misunderstanding between the United States and the Soviet Union gradually developed into the Cold War when the two nations failed to resolve three crucial issues: control of postwar Europe, economic aid, and nuclear disarmament. Although an all-out war between the two nuclear powers was avoided, there were ample examples of proxy conflicts.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?token=47587&amp;wID=151823&amp;plt=FOD&amp;loid=518610&amp;w=640&amp;h=480&amp;fWidth=660&amp;fHeight=530\" width=\"660\" height=\"530\" frameborder=\"0\">\u00a0<\/iframe><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Cold War.\u00a0<\/em>Films on Demand. 2009. Accessed October 31, 2020. https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=151823&amp;xtid=47587.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fod-infobase-com.ccco.idm.oclc.org\/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=47587#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Berlin Blockagde<\/a> [via Films on Demand]<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">If you get an error saying the video can't be authenticated, use the link found in the title to view it.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Macrohistory: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch24cld.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold War: 1945-49 (8 pages)<\/a>\r\nMacrohistory: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch24t60.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold War: 1953-60 (11 pages)<\/a>\r\nMacrohistory: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch24t64.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold War: the Kennedy Years (7 pages)<\/a>\r\nMacrohistory:<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch26-2b.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Vietnam, 1964-75 (4 pages)<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?token=47587&amp;wID=151823&amp;plt=FOD&amp;loid=518611&amp;w=640&amp;h=480&amp;fWidth=660&amp;fHeight=530\" width=\"660\" height=\"530\" frameborder=\"0\">\u00a0<\/iframe><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Cold War.\u00a0<\/em>Films on Demand. 2009. Accessed October 31, 2020. https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=151823&amp;xtid=47587.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fod-infobase-com.ccco.idm.oclc.org\/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=47587#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">French Withdrawal and Division of Vietnam<\/a> [via Films on Demand]<\/p>\r\n<p align=\"center\">If you get an error saying the video can't be authenticated, use the link found in the title to view it.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Historiography and Origins of the Cold War<\/h2>\r\n<h3>Scholarly Debate on the Origins of the Cold War<\/h3>\r\nThree schools of thought attempt to understand the origins of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union following the end of World War I \u2013 they are called the Traditionalists, the Revisionists, and the Post-Revisionists. Each group argues that one side or the other is to blame for the start of the Cold War.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Walton, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sussex.ac.uk\/webteam\/gateway\/file.php?name=who-was-at-fault-for-the-cold-war.pdf&amp;site=15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cWho Was At Fault for the Cold War?\u201d<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/1980\/03\/20\/who-started-the-cold-war-an-exchange\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cWho Started the Cold War? An Exchange by Steven J. Cagney, Reply by Arthur Schlesinger Jr.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>References<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Walton, Sam. \"Who Was at Fault for the Cold War?\" University of Sussex Undergraduate History Journal 1 (2011). https:\/\/www.sussex.ac.uk\/webteam\/gateway\/file.php?name=who-was-at-fault-for-the-cold-war.pdf&amp;site=15.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">\"Who Started the Cold War? An Exchange by Steven J. Cagney, Reply by Arthur Schlesinger Jr.\" Accessed August 20, 2018. https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/1980\/03\/20\/who-started-the-cold-war-an-exchange\/.<\/p>","rendered":"<h2>Introduction to the Cold War<\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_224\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-224\" style=\"width: 268px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-224\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his247su22\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2022\/01\/Churchill.png\" alt=\"Churchill, Truman, and Stalin together at an event\" width=\"268\" height=\"335\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2022\/01\/Churchill.png 179w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/38\/2022\/01\/Churchill-65x81.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 268px) 100vw, 268px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-224\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">UK Prime Minister Winston Churchill, President Harry Truman, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. Attribution: Public Domain, Wikimedia Commons.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>As most European countries faced a long road to recovery from the devastation of WWII, the United States emerged as a lone superpower. Within a few years, however, the Soviet Union challenged the status of America\u2019s dominance. This rivalry created what is dubbed the bipolar world as each side competed to impose its political and economic ideologies upon others. Nations began to align themselves with either superpower and those who resisted Western or Eastern influence were dubbed \u201cthird world nations.\u201d<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Macrohistory: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch23w.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The United Nations (2 pages)<\/a><br \/>\nMacrohistory: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch23set.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Victors against the Defeated (7 pages)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?token=47587&amp;wID=151823&amp;plt=FOD&amp;loid=518609&amp;w=640&amp;h=480&amp;fWidth=660&amp;fHeight=530\" width=\"660\" height=\"530\" frameborder=\"0\">\u00a0<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Cold War.\u00a0<\/em>Films on Demand. 2009. Accessed October 31, 2020. https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=151823&amp;xtid=47587.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=151823&amp;xtid=47587&amp;loid=143111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Potsdam and Atomic Bomb<\/a> [via Films on Demand]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">If you get an error saying the video can&#8217;t be authenticated, use the link found in the title to view it.<\/p>\n<p>Distrust and misunderstanding between the United States and the Soviet Union gradually developed into the Cold War when the two nations failed to resolve three crucial issues: control of postwar Europe, economic aid, and nuclear disarmament. Although an all-out war between the two nuclear powers was avoided, there were ample examples of proxy conflicts.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?token=47587&amp;wID=151823&amp;plt=FOD&amp;loid=518610&amp;w=640&amp;h=480&amp;fWidth=660&amp;fHeight=530\" width=\"660\" height=\"530\" frameborder=\"0\">\u00a0<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Cold War.\u00a0<\/em>Films on Demand. 2009. Accessed October 31, 2020. https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=151823&amp;xtid=47587.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fod-infobase-com.ccco.idm.oclc.org\/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=47587#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Berlin Blockagde<\/a> [via Films on Demand]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">If you get an error saying the video can&#8217;t be authenticated, use the link found in the title to view it.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Macrohistory: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch24cld.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold War: 1945-49 (8 pages)<\/a><br \/>\nMacrohistory: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch24t60.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold War: 1953-60 (11 pages)<\/a><br \/>\nMacrohistory: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch24t64.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Cold War: the Kennedy Years (7 pages)<\/a><br \/>\nMacrohistory:<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fsmitha.com\/h2\/ch26-2b.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Vietnam, 1964-75 (4 pages)<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?token=47587&amp;wID=151823&amp;plt=FOD&amp;loid=518611&amp;w=640&amp;h=480&amp;fWidth=660&amp;fHeight=530\" width=\"660\" height=\"530\" frameborder=\"0\">\u00a0<\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>Cold War.\u00a0<\/em>Films on Demand. 2009. Accessed October 31, 2020. https:\/\/ccco.idm.oclc.org\/login?url=https:\/\/fod.infobase.com\/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=151823&amp;xtid=47587.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fod-infobase-com.ccco.idm.oclc.org\/p_ViewVideo.aspx?xtid=47587#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">French Withdrawal and Division of Vietnam<\/a> [via Films on Demand]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">If you get an error saying the video can&#8217;t be authenticated, use the link found in the title to view it.<\/p>\n<h2>Historiography and Origins of the Cold War<\/h2>\n<h3>Scholarly Debate on the Origins of the Cold War<\/h3>\n<p>Three schools of thought attempt to understand the origins of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union following the end of World War I \u2013 they are called the Traditionalists, the Revisionists, and the Post-Revisionists. Each group argues that one side or the other is to blame for the start of the Cold War.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">Walton, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sussex.ac.uk\/webteam\/gateway\/file.php?name=who-was-at-fault-for-the-cold-war.pdf&amp;site=15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cWho Was At Fault for the Cold War?\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/1980\/03\/20\/who-started-the-cold-war-an-exchange\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201cWho Started the Cold War? An Exchange by Steven J. Cagney, Reply by Arthur Schlesinger Jr.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>References<\/h2>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Walton, Sam. &#8220;Who Was at Fault for the Cold War?&#8221; University of Sussex Undergraduate History Journal 1 (2011). https:\/\/www.sussex.ac.uk\/webteam\/gateway\/file.php?name=who-was-at-fault-for-the-cold-war.pdf&amp;site=15.<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">&#8220;Who Started the Cold War? An Exchange by Steven J. Cagney, Reply by Arthur Schlesinger Jr.&#8221; Accessed August 20, 2018. https:\/\/www.nybooks.com\/articles\/1980\/03\/20\/who-started-the-cold-war-an-exchange\/.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":45,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-136","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":115,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/45"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":275,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/136\/revisions\/275"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/115"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/136\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=136"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=136"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/his2015\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}