{"id":65,"date":"2020-04-02T00:34:13","date_gmt":"2020-04-02T00:34:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/chapter\/what-is-a-footnote-or-endnote\/"},"modified":"2023-04-12T16:35:10","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T16:35:10","slug":"what-is-a-footnote-or-endnote","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/chapter\/what-is-a-footnote-or-endnote\/","title":{"raw":"What is a Footnote or Endnote?","rendered":"What is a Footnote or Endnote?"},"content":{"raw":"<strong>What is a footnote or endnote?<\/strong>\n\nIf you want to include information from a source you consulted in your paper, you need to create a <strong>footnote or endnote<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n \t<li>if you use <strong>footnotes<\/strong>, the notes appear at the bottom of the page where a citation is entered<\/li>\n \t<li>if you use <strong>endnotes<\/strong>, all the notes appear at the end of your paper and before your bibliography<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nBecause notes tell your reader which ideas belong to you and which ideas belong to someone else, it is crucial that you place them correctly.\n<ul>\n \t<li>you indicate that you are citing something by inserting a superscript number<\/li>\n \t<li>Usually, the <strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">superscript<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> is at the end of the sentence where you included information from a source, <\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">like this.<sup>3\u00a0<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The word processing software then automatically inserts a footnote or endnote in which you can write the necessary information for the source<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> If the note is longer than one line, the first line of the note is indented<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n&nbsp;\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\"><strong>How do I insert a superscript and footnote or endnote?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nWatch this is short video using Word:\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/videoplayer\/embed\/RWBJ4E?pid=ocpVideo0-innerdiv-oneplayer&amp;postJsllMsg=true&amp;maskLevel=20&amp;market=en-us\">Insert footnotes or endnotes in Word<\/a>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n&nbsp;\n\n<strong>Full notes vs. short notes<\/strong>\n\nThe <strong>first<\/strong> time you cite a specific source, the information in the note needs to be given <strong>in full<\/strong>, but <strong>subsequent notes<\/strong> for the <strong>same<\/strong> source are <strong>shortened<\/strong>. This applies to all types of sources, no matter if you cite from a book, an article, a webpage or another source.\n\n&nbsp;\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\"><strong>Example first note of a source<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nLet\u2019s say\u00a0you are taking information from page 35 of the following book:\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/kpu.pressbooks.pub\/app\/uploads\/sites\/250\/2020\/04\/BookCover_Nowell.png\"><img class=\"wp-image-64 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/04\/BookCover_Nowell-261x300.png\" alt=\"Screenshot of a book cover. Background is a multicoloured shapes. Center top says: P11, Painters Eleven, The Wild Ones of Canadian Art, Iris Nowell.\" width=\"261\" height=\"300\"><\/a>\n\nYou need to insert a footnote (or endnote) to indicate that you did so, and your <strong>first<\/strong> footnote would need to be a <strong>full<\/strong> note.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<strong>Example<\/strong>:\n\nAlthough Bush was strongly influenced by Matisse, he employed his \"own symbolic calligraphic shapes\" to his paintings of large shapes and slashes.<sup>1<\/sup>\n\n__________________________\n<p style=\"text-indent: 15px\">1. Iris Nowell, <em>Painters Eleven: The Wild Ones of Canadian Art\u00a0<\/em>(Vancouver, BC: Douglas &amp; McIntyre, 2010), 35.<\/p>\n&nbsp;\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\"><strong>Example subsequent note for the same source<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nThe <strong>next time<\/strong> you cite from the <strong>same<\/strong> book (say, in note 4), you would just give a <strong>short<\/strong> note. These usually consist of the <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc99\">author\u2019s last name<\/span>, <span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc\">a shortened title<\/span>, <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99\">and the page number<\/span>:\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<strong>Example:<\/strong>\n\nHis habit of drinking a Martini at lunchtime eventually led Bush to become an alcoholic, which negatively affected his state of mind and even impacted his capability to paint.<sup>4<\/sup>\n\n___________________________\n\n4. <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc99\">Nowell<\/span>,\u00a0<i><span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc\">Painters Eleven<\/span>,\u00a0<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #ffff99\">37-38<\/span>.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\nImage attribution:\n\n\"[<a href=\"https:\/\/secure.syndetics.com\/index.aspx?type=xw12&amp;client=kwanunicol&amp;upc=&amp;oclc=u270333&amp;isbn=9781553655909&amp;issn=\/LC.JPG\">Book cover for Painters Eleven by Iris Nowell<\/a>]\" by Douglas &amp; McIntyre is all rights reserved.","rendered":"<p><strong>What is a footnote or endnote?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If you want to include information from a source you consulted in your paper, you need to create a <strong>footnote or endnote<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>if you use <strong>footnotes<\/strong>, the notes appear at the bottom of the page where a citation is entered<\/li>\n<li>if you use <strong>endnotes<\/strong>, all the notes appear at the end of your paper and before your bibliography<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Because notes tell your reader which ideas belong to you and which ideas belong to someone else, it is crucial that you place them correctly.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>you indicate that you are citing something by inserting a superscript number<\/li>\n<li>Usually, the <strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">superscript<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> is at the end of the sentence where you included information from a source, <\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">like this.<sup>3\u00a0<\/sup><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">The word processing software then automatically inserts a footnote or endnote in which you can write the necessary information for the source<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> If the note is longer than one line, the first line of the note is indented<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\"><strong>How do I insert a superscript and footnote or endnote?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Watch this is short video using Word:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/videoplayer\/embed\/RWBJ4E?pid=ocpVideo0-innerdiv-oneplayer&amp;postJsllMsg=true&amp;maskLevel=20&amp;market=en-us\">Insert footnotes or endnotes in Word<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Full notes vs. short notes<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The <strong>first<\/strong> time you cite a specific source, the information in the note needs to be given <strong>in full<\/strong>, but <strong>subsequent notes<\/strong> for the <strong>same<\/strong> source are <strong>shortened<\/strong>. This applies to all types of sources, no matter if you cite from a book, an article, a webpage or another source.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\"><strong>Example first note of a source<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Let\u2019s say\u00a0you are taking information from page 35 of the following book:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/kpu.pressbooks.pub\/app\/uploads\/sites\/250\/2020\/04\/BookCover_Nowell.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-64 size-medium aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/04\/BookCover_Nowell-261x300.png\" alt=\"Screenshot of a book cover. Background is a multicoloured shapes. Center top says: P11, Painters Eleven, The Wild Ones of Canadian Art, Iris Nowell.\" width=\"261\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/04\/BookCover_Nowell-261x300.png 261w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/04\/BookCover_Nowell-65x75.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/04\/BookCover_Nowell-225x259.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/04\/BookCover_Nowell-350x403.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/04\/BookCover_Nowell.png 695w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>You need to insert a footnote (or endnote) to indicate that you did so, and your <strong>first<\/strong> footnote would need to be a <strong>full<\/strong> note.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>Although Bush was strongly influenced by Matisse, he employed his &#8220;own symbolic calligraphic shapes&#8221; to his paintings of large shapes and slashes.<sup>1<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>__________________________<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 15px\">1. Iris Nowell, <em>Painters Eleven: The Wild Ones of Canadian Art\u00a0<\/em>(Vancouver, BC: Douglas &amp; McIntyre, 2010), 35.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\"><strong>Example subsequent note for the same source<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>The <strong>next time<\/strong> you cite from the <strong>same<\/strong> book (say, in note 4), you would just give a <strong>short<\/strong> note. These usually consist of the <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc99\">author\u2019s last name<\/span>, <span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc\">a shortened title<\/span>, <span style=\"background-color: #ffff99\">and the page number<\/span>:<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>His habit of drinking a Martini at lunchtime eventually led Bush to become an alcoholic, which negatively affected his state of mind and even impacted his capability to paint.<sup>4<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>___________________________<\/p>\n<p>4. <span style=\"background-color: #ffcc99\">Nowell<\/span>,\u00a0<i><span style=\"background-color: #ccffcc\">Painters Eleven<\/span>,\u00a0<\/i><span style=\"background-color: #ffff99\">37-38<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Image attribution:<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;[<a href=\"https:\/\/secure.syndetics.com\/index.aspx?type=xw12&amp;client=kwanunicol&amp;upc=&amp;oclc=u270333&amp;isbn=9781553655909&amp;issn=\/LC.JPG\">Book cover for Painters Eleven by Iris Nowell<\/a>]&#8221; by Douglas &amp; McIntyre is all rights reserved.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-65","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":60,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/65","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/65\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":66,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/65\/revisions\/66"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/60"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/65\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=65"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=65"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=65"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}