{"id":55,"date":"2021-04-22T16:49:31","date_gmt":"2021-04-22T16:49:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/chapter\/primary-sources\/"},"modified":"2023-04-12T16:35:07","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T16:35:07","slug":"primary-sources","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/chapter\/primary-sources\/","title":{"raw":"About Primary Sources","rendered":"About Primary Sources"},"content":{"raw":"<strong>What are Primary Sources? <\/strong>\n\n<strong>Primary sources <\/strong>are original materials. They are first-hand accounts created at the time under study and may include:\n<ul>\n \t<li>diaries, letters, photographs, original documents, maps, original film or sound recordings, interviews, speeches, newspaper articles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<strong>Examples:\u00a0<\/strong>\n\n<strong>Music Score\u00a0<\/strong>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_584\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"351\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/peel.library.ualberta.ca\/bibliography\/11783.html\"><img class=\"wp-image-51\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/12\/Primary1.png\" alt=\"Cover for a musical score by Howard Miller, composer. Title: I'll be a long, long way from home: A new Canadian patriotic song.1916.\" width=\"351\" height=\"314\"><\/a> Canadian Patriotic Song[\/caption]\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<strong>Postcard<\/strong>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_585\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"350\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/peel.library.ualberta.ca\/postcards\/PC000026.html\"><img class=\"wp-image-52\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary2.png\" alt=\"Photograph of a group of women lying on the grass, Beausejour, 1911\" width=\"350\" height=\"231\"><\/a> Group of Women[\/caption]\n\n<strong>Map<\/strong>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_587\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"350\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/peel.library.ualberta.ca\/maps\/M000245.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img class=\"wp-image-53\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary3.png\" alt=\"Map of the Rocky Mountain glaciers from Peyto Glacier to Kicking Horse River\" width=\"350\" height=\"201\"><\/a> Rocky Mountain Glaciers from Peyto Glacier to Kicking Horse River[\/caption]\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\nImage attributions: Images courtesy of <a href=\"http:\/\/peel.library.ualberta.ca\/\">Peel's Prairie Provinces<\/a>, a digital initiative of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.library.ualberta.ca\/\">University of Alberta Libraries<\/a>.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<strong>How are Primary Sources cited?<\/strong>\n\nNot all primary sources are cited the same way. Your notes \/ bibliography entries should be based on the following:\n<ul>\n \t<li>who wrote the original item?<\/li>\n \t<li>what type of source is this?<\/li>\n \t<li>when was the original item written\/created?<\/li>\n \t<li>how is this source accessed?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nFor example, a book or newspaper article written 80 years ago is cited the same way as a book or newspaper article published today.\u00a0 However, items accessed in online repositories should be cited according to type and include a URL. (see section <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www-chicagomanualofstyle-org.ezproxy.kpu.ca:2443\/book\/ed17\/part3\/ch14\/psec221.html\">14.221<\/a><\/span> of the Chicago Manual <\/span>for more information).\n\n&nbsp;\n\n<strong>Example<\/strong>\n\nA letter (primary source) accessed in an online archive:\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/kpu.pressbooks.pub\/app\/uploads\/sites\/250\/2021\/06\/letter.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img class=\"alignnone wp-image-54 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/letter.png\" alt=\"Screenshot of a webpage. On top it reads VIU The Canadian Letters &amp; Images Project. Underneath is a picture of soldiers of WWII and a search box to search the archives. The page heading says: Ball, Ralph Gooding Letter: 1917 August 1st, followed by a transcript of a Letter addressed to &quot;Dear Earl&quot; and signed by Ralph.\" width=\"785\" height=\"491\"><\/a>\n\n<strong>Footnote\/endnote for the above letter:<\/strong>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36px\">1. Ball to Earl, August 1, 1917, World War One Collections, The Canadian Letters &amp; Images Project, https:\/\/www.canadianletters.ca\/document-22249 .<\/p>\n<strong>Bibliography entry:<\/strong>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Ball, R. G. <em>Earl, Letter: 1917 August 1st<\/em>. World War One Collections. The Canadian Letters &amp; Images Project,\u00a0 https:\/\/www.canadianletters.ca\/document-22249. August 1, 1917.<\/p>","rendered":"<p><strong>What are Primary Sources? <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Primary sources <\/strong>are original materials. They are first-hand accounts created at the time under study and may include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>diaries, letters, photographs, original documents, maps, original film or sound recordings, interviews, speeches, newspaper articles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Examples:\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Music Score\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_584\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-584\" style=\"width: 351px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/peel.library.ualberta.ca\/bibliography\/11783.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-51\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/12\/Primary1.png\" alt=\"Cover for a musical score by Howard Miller, composer. Title: I'll be a long, long way from home: A new Canadian patriotic song.1916.\" width=\"351\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/12\/Primary1.png 862w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/12\/Primary1-300x268.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/12\/Primary1-768x685.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/12\/Primary1-65x58.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/12\/Primary1-225x201.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2020\/12\/Primary1-350x312.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 351px) 100vw, 351px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-584\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Canadian Patriotic Song<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Postcard<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_585\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-585\" style=\"width: 350px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"http:\/\/peel.library.ualberta.ca\/postcards\/PC000026.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-52\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary2.png\" alt=\"Photograph of a group of women lying on the grass, Beausejour, 1911\" width=\"350\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary2.png 862w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary2-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary2-768x508.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary2-65x43.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary2-225x149.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary2-350x231.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-585\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Group of Women<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Map<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_587\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-587\" style=\"width: 350px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/peel.library.ualberta.ca\/maps\/M000245.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-53\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary3.png\" alt=\"Map of the Rocky Mountain glaciers from Peyto Glacier to Kicking Horse River\" width=\"350\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary3.png 862w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary3-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary3-768x442.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary3-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary3-225x129.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/Primary3-350x201.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-587\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rocky Mountain Glaciers from Peyto Glacier to Kicking Horse River<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Image attributions: Images courtesy of <a href=\"http:\/\/peel.library.ualberta.ca\/\">Peel&#8217;s Prairie Provinces<\/a>, a digital initiative of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.library.ualberta.ca\/\">University of Alberta Libraries<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>How are Primary Sources cited?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Not all primary sources are cited the same way. Your notes \/ bibliography entries should be based on the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>who wrote the original item?<\/li>\n<li>what type of source is this?<\/li>\n<li>when was the original item written\/created?<\/li>\n<li>how is this source accessed?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For example, a book or newspaper article written 80 years ago is cited the same way as a book or newspaper article published today.\u00a0 However, items accessed in online repositories should be cited according to type and include a URL. (see section <span style=\"background-color: #ffffff\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff\" href=\"https:\/\/www-chicagomanualofstyle-org.ezproxy.kpu.ca:2443\/book\/ed17\/part3\/ch14\/psec221.html\">14.221<\/a><\/span> of the Chicago Manual <\/span>for more information).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A letter (primary source) accessed in an online archive:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/kpu.pressbooks.pub\/app\/uploads\/sites\/250\/2021\/06\/letter.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-54 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/letter.png\" alt=\"Screenshot of a webpage. On top it reads VIU The Canadian Letters &amp; Images Project. Underneath is a picture of soldiers of WWII and a search box to search the archives. The page heading says: Ball, Ralph Gooding Letter: 1917 August 1st, followed by a transcript of a Letter addressed to &quot;Dear Earl&quot; and signed by Ralph.\" width=\"785\" height=\"491\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/letter.png 785w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/letter-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/letter-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/letter-65x41.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/letter-225x141.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/137\/2023\/04\/letter-350x219.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 785px) 100vw, 785px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Footnote\/endnote for the above letter:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-indent: 36px\">1. Ball to Earl, August 1, 1917, World War One Collections, The Canadian Letters &amp; Images Project, https:\/\/www.canadianletters.ca\/document-22249 .<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bibliography entry:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Ball, R. G. <em>Earl, Letter: 1917 August 1st<\/em>. World War One Collections. The Canadian Letters &amp; Images Project,\u00a0 https:\/\/www.canadianletters.ca\/document-22249. August 1, 1917.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"menu_order":7,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-55","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":33,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/55","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/55\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/55\/revisions\/56"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/33"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/55\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=55"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=55"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/chicago\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=55"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}