{"id":222,"date":"2022-02-11T15:58:01","date_gmt":"2022-02-11T15:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/?post_type=part&p=222"},"modified":"2022-02-11T16:03:46","modified_gmt":"2022-02-11T16:03:46","slug":"chapter-4-earth-moon-and-sky","status":"publish","type":"part","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/part\/chapter-4-earth-moon-and-sky\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 4 Earth, Moon, and Sky","rendered":"Chapter 4 Earth, Moon, and Sky"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n
\r\n
\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1312\"]\"Southern Figure\u00a04.1<\/strong>\u00a0Southern Summer.\u00a0As captured with a fish-eye lens aboard the Atlantis Space Shuttle on December 9, 1993, Earth hangs above the Hubble Space Telescope as it is repaired. The reddish continent is Australia, its size and shape distorted by the special lens. Because the seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are opposite those in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in Australia on this December day. (credit: modification of work by NASA)[\/caption]<\/figure>\r\n
Chapter Outline<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n
\r\n
4.1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Earth and Sky<\/span><\/div>\r\n
4.2<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The Seasons<\/span><\/div>\r\n
4.3<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Keeping Time<\/span><\/div>\r\n
4.4<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The Calendar<\/span><\/div>\r\n
4.5<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Phases and Motions of the Moon<\/span><\/div>\r\n
4.6<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Ocean Tides and the Moon<\/span><\/div>\r\n
4.7<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Eclipses of the Sun and Moon<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n
\r\n

If Earth\u2019s orbit is nearly a perfect circle (as we saw in earlier chapters), why is it hotter in summer and colder in winter in many places around the globe? And why are the seasons in Australia or Peru the opposite of those in the United States or Europe?<\/p>\r\n

The story is told that\u00a0Galileo<\/span>, as he left the Hall of the Inquisition following his retraction of the doctrine that Earth rotates and revolves about the Sun, said under his breath, \u201cBut nevertheless it moves.\u201d Historians are not sure whether the story is true, but certainly Galileo knew that Earth was in motion, whatever church authorities said.<\/p>\r\n

It is the motions of Earth that produce the seasons and give us our measures of time and date. The Moon\u2019s motions around us provide the concept of the month and the cycle of lunar phases. In this chapter we examine some of the basic phenomena of our everyday world in their astronomical context.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

This book was adapted from the following: Fraknoi, A., Morrison, D., & Wolff, S. C. (2016). Thinking Ahead. In Astronomy<\/i>. OpenStax. https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/astronomy\/pages\/4-thinking-ahead under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0<\/a><\/div>\r\n
Access the entire book for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/astronomy\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a><\/div>","rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\"Southern
Figure\u00a04.1<\/strong>\u00a0Southern Summer.\u00a0As captured with a fish-eye lens aboard the Atlantis Space Shuttle on December 9, 1993, Earth hangs above the Hubble Space Telescope as it is repaired. The reddish continent is Australia, its size and shape distorted by the special lens. Because the seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are opposite those in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in Australia on this December day. (credit: modification of work by NASA)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n
Chapter Outline<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n
4.1<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Earth and Sky<\/span><\/div>\n
4.2<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The Seasons<\/span><\/div>\n
4.3<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Keeping Time<\/span><\/div>\n
4.4<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>The Calendar<\/span><\/div>\n
4.5<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Phases and Motions of the Moon<\/span><\/div>\n
4.6<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Ocean Tides and the Moon<\/span><\/div>\n
4.7<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>Eclipses of the Sun and Moon<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

If Earth\u2019s orbit is nearly a perfect circle (as we saw in earlier chapters), why is it hotter in summer and colder in winter in many places around the globe? And why are the seasons in Australia or Peru the opposite of those in the United States or Europe?<\/p>\n

The story is told that\u00a0Galileo<\/span>, as he left the Hall of the Inquisition following his retraction of the doctrine that Earth rotates and revolves about the Sun, said under his breath, \u201cBut nevertheless it moves.\u201d Historians are not sure whether the story is true, but certainly Galileo knew that Earth was in motion, whatever church authorities said.<\/p>\n

It is the motions of Earth that produce the seasons and give us our measures of time and date. The Moon\u2019s motions around us provide the concept of the month and the cycle of lunar phases. In this chapter we examine some of the basic phenomena of our everyday world in their astronomical context.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

This book was adapted from the following: Fraknoi, A., Morrison, D., & Wolff, S. C. (2016). Thinking Ahead. In Astronomy<\/i>. OpenStax. https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/astronomy\/pages\/4-thinking-ahead under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0<\/a><\/div>\n
Access the entire book for free at https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/astronomy\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"parent":0,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_part_invisible":false,"pb_part_invisible_string":""},"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-222","part","type-part","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/part"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/222\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":227,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/222\/revisions\/227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=222"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}