{"id":532,"date":"2022-03-02T16:03:49","date_gmt":"2022-03-02T16:03:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/?post_type=chapter&p=532"},"modified":"2022-03-02T16:03:49","modified_gmt":"2022-03-02T16:03:49","slug":"key-terms-13","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/chapter\/key-terms-13\/","title":{"raw":"Key Terms","rendered":"Key Terms"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n \t
active region<\/dt>\r\n \t
an area on the Sun where magnetic fields are concentrated; sunspots, prominences, flares, and CMEs all tend to occur in active regions<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
aurora<\/dt>\r\n \t
light radiated by atoms and ions in the ionosphere excited by charged particles from the Sun, mostly seen in the magnetic polar regions<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
chromosphere<\/dt>\r\n \t
the part of the solar atmosphere that lies immediately above the photospheric layers<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
corona<\/dt>\r\n \t
(of the Sun) the outer (hot) atmosphere of the Sun<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
coronal hole<\/dt>\r\n \t
a region in the Sun\u2019s outer atmosphere that appears darker because there is less hot gas there<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
coronal mass ejection (CME)<\/dt>\r\n \t
a solar flare in which immense quantities of coronal material\u2014mainly protons and electrons\u2014is ejected at high speeds (500\u20131000 kilometers per second) into interplanetary space<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
differential rotation<\/dt>\r\n \t
the phenomenon that occurs when different parts of a rotating object rotate at different rates at different latitudes<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
granulation<\/dt>\r\n \t
the rice-grain-like structure of the solar photosphere; granulation is produced by upwelling currents of gas that are slightly hotter, and therefore brighter, than the surrounding regions, which are flowing downward into the Sun<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
Maunder Minimum<\/dt>\r\n \t
a period during the seventeenth century when the number of sunspots seen throughout the solar cycle was unusually low<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
photosphere<\/dt>\r\n \t
the region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere from which continuous radiation escapes into space<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
plage<\/dt>\r\n \t
a bright region of the solar surface observed in the light of some spectral line<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
plasma<\/dt>\r\n \t
a hot ionized gas<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
prominence<\/dt>\r\n \t
a large, bright, gaseous feature that appears above the surface of the Sun and extends into the corona<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
solar flare<\/dt>\r\n \t
a sudden and temporary outburst of electromagnetic radiation from an extended region of the Sun\u2019s surface<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
solar wind<\/dt>\r\n \t
a flow of hot, charged particles leaving the Sun<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
sunspot<\/dt>\r\n \t
large, dark features seen on the surface of the Sun caused by increased magnetic activity<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
sunspot cycle<\/dt>\r\n \t
the semiregular 11-year period with which the frequency of sunspots fluctuates<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
\r\n \t
transition region<\/dt>\r\n \t
the region in the Sun\u2019s atmosphere where the temperature rises very rapidly from the relatively low temperatures that characterize the chromosphere to the high temperatures of the corona<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n
This book was adapted from the following: Fraknoi, A., Morrison, D., & Wolff, S. C. (2016). Key Terms In Astronomy<\/i>. OpenStax. https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/astronomy\/pages\/15-key-terms under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0<\/a><\/div>\r\n
Access the entire book for free at\u00a0https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/astronomy\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a><\/div>","rendered":"
\n
active region<\/dt>\n
an area on the Sun where magnetic fields are concentrated; sunspots, prominences, flares, and CMEs all tend to occur in active regions<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
aurora<\/dt>\n
light radiated by atoms and ions in the ionosphere excited by charged particles from the Sun, mostly seen in the magnetic polar regions<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
chromosphere<\/dt>\n
the part of the solar atmosphere that lies immediately above the photospheric layers<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
corona<\/dt>\n
(of the Sun) the outer (hot) atmosphere of the Sun<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
coronal hole<\/dt>\n
a region in the Sun\u2019s outer atmosphere that appears darker because there is less hot gas there<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
coronal mass ejection (CME)<\/dt>\n
a solar flare in which immense quantities of coronal material\u2014mainly protons and electrons\u2014is ejected at high speeds (500\u20131000 kilometers per second) into interplanetary space<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
differential rotation<\/dt>\n
the phenomenon that occurs when different parts of a rotating object rotate at different rates at different latitudes<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
granulation<\/dt>\n
the rice-grain-like structure of the solar photosphere; granulation is produced by upwelling currents of gas that are slightly hotter, and therefore brighter, than the surrounding regions, which are flowing downward into the Sun<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
Maunder Minimum<\/dt>\n
a period during the seventeenth century when the number of sunspots seen throughout the solar cycle was unusually low<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
photosphere<\/dt>\n
the region of the solar (or stellar) atmosphere from which continuous radiation escapes into space<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
plage<\/dt>\n
a bright region of the solar surface observed in the light of some spectral line<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
plasma<\/dt>\n
a hot ionized gas<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
prominence<\/dt>\n
a large, bright, gaseous feature that appears above the surface of the Sun and extends into the corona<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
solar flare<\/dt>\n
a sudden and temporary outburst of electromagnetic radiation from an extended region of the Sun\u2019s surface<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
solar wind<\/dt>\n
a flow of hot, charged particles leaving the Sun<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
sunspot<\/dt>\n
large, dark features seen on the surface of the Sun caused by increased magnetic activity<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
sunspot cycle<\/dt>\n
the semiregular 11-year period with which the frequency of sunspots fluctuates<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
\n
transition region<\/dt>\n
the region in the Sun\u2019s atmosphere where the temperature rises very rapidly from the relatively low temperatures that characterize the chromosphere to the high temperatures of the corona<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n
This book was adapted from the following: Fraknoi, A., Morrison, D., & Wolff, S. C. (2016). Key Terms In Astronomy<\/i>. OpenStax. https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/astronomy\/pages\/15-key-terms under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0<\/a><\/div>\n
Access the entire book for free at\u00a0https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/astronomy\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-532","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":520,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/33"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":533,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/532\/revisions\/533"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/520"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/532\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=532"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=532"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/astronomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}