I. Main Body
1. Cover — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
2. Title Page — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
3. Copyright — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
4. Table Of Contents — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
5. Exceptions to the CC BY Licence — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
6. Acknowledgments — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
7. Chapter 1 Introduction to Geology — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
8. 1.1 What is Geology? — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
9. 1.2 Why Study Earth? — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
10. 1.3 What Do Geologists Do? — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
11. 1.4 Minerals and Rocks — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
12. 1.5 Fundamentals of Plate Tectonics — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
13. 1.6 Geological Time — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
14. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
15. Chapter 2 Minerals — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
16. 2.1 Electrons, Protons, Neutrons, and Atoms — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
17. 2.2 Bonding and Lattices — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
18. 2.3 Mineral Groups — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
19. 2.4 Silicate Minerals — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
20. 2.5 Formation of Minerals — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
21. 2.6 Mineral Properties — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
22. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
23. Chapter 3 Intrusive Igneous Rocks — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
24. 3.1 The Rock Cycle — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
25. 3.2 Magma and Magma Formation — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
26. 3.3 Crystallization of Magma — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
27. 3.4 Classification of Igneous Rock — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
28. 3.5 Intrusive Igneous Bodies — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
29. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
30. Chapter 4 Volcanism — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
31. 4.1 Plate Tectonics and Volcanism — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
32. 4.2 Magma Composition and Eruption Style — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
33. 4.3 Types of Volcanoes — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
34. 4.4 Volcanic Hazards — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
35. 4.5 Monitoring Volcanoes and Predicting Eruptions — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
36. 4.6 Volcanoes in Colorado — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
37. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
38. Chapter 5 Weathering and Soil — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
39. 5.1 Mechanical Weathering — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
40. 5.2 Chemical Weathering — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
41. 5.3 The Products of Weathering and Erosion — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
42. 5.4 Weathering and the Formation of Soil — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
43. 5.5 The Soils of Colorado — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
44. 5.6 Weathering and Climate Change — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
45. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
46. Chapter 6 Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
47. 6.1 Clastic Sedimentary Rocks — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
48. 6.2 Chemical Sedimentary Rocks — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
49. 6.3 Depositional Environments and Sedimentary Basins — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
50. 6.4 Sedimentary Structures and Fossils — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
51. 6.5 Groups, Formations, and Members — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
52. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
53. Chapter 7 Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
54. 7.1 Controls Over Metamorphic Processes — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
55. 7.2 Classification of Metamorphic Rocks — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
56. 7.3 Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
57. 7.4 Regional Metamorphism — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
58. 7.5 Contact Metamorphism and Hydrothermal Processes — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
59. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
60. Review of Minerals and Rocks — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
61. Chapter 8 Measuring Geological Time — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
62. 8.1 The Geological Time Scale — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
63. 8.2 Relative Dating Methods — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
64. 8.3 Dating Rocks Using Fossils — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
65. 8.4 Isotopic Dating Methods — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
66. 8.5 Other Dating Methods — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
67. 8.6 Understanding Geological Time — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
68. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
69. Chapter 9 Earth’s Interior — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
70. 9.1 Understanding Earth Through Seismology — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
71. 9.2 The Temperature of Earth’s Interior — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
72. 9.3 Earth’s Magnetic Field — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
73. 9.4 Isostasy — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
74. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
75. Chapter 10 Plate Tectonics — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
76. 10.1 Alfred Wegener: The Father of Plate Tectonics — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
77. 10.2 Global Geological Models of the Early 20th Century — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
78. 10.3 Geological Renaissance of the Mid-20th Century — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
79. 10.4 Plate, Plate Motions, and Plate Boundary Processes — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
80. 10.5 Mechanisms for Plate Motion — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
81. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
82. Chapter 11 Earthquakes — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
83. 11.1 What is an Earthquake? — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
84. 11.2 Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
85. 11.3 Measuring Earthquakes — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
86. 11.4 The Impacts of Earthquakes — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
87. 11.5 Forecasting Earthquakes and Minimizing Damage and Casualties — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
88. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
89. Chapter 12 Geological Structures — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
90. 12.1 Stress and Strain — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
91. 12.2 Folding — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
92. 12.3 Fracturing and Faulting — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
93. 12.4 Measuring Geological Structures — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
94. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
95. Chapter 13 Streams and Floods — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
96. 13.1 The Hydrological Cycle — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
97. 13.2 Drainage Basins — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
98. 13.3 Stream Erosion and Deposition — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
99. 13.4 Stream Types — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
100. 13.5 Flooding — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
101. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
102. Chapter 14 Groundwater — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
103. 14.1 Groundwater and Aquifers — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
104. 14.2 Groundwater Flow — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
105. 14.3 Groundwater Extraction — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
106. 14.4 Groundwater Quality — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
107. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
108. Chapter 15 Mass Wasting — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
109. 15.1 Factors That Control Slope Stability — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
110. 15.2 Classification of Mass Wasting — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
111. 15.3 Preventing, Delaying, Monitoring, and Mitigating Mass Wasting — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
112. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
113. Chapter 16 Glaciation — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
114. 16.1 Glacial Periods in Earth’s History — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
115. 16.2 How Glaciers Work — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
116. 16.3 Glacial Erosion — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
117. 16.4 Glacial Deposition — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
118. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
119. Chapter 17 Shorelines — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
120. 17.1 Waves — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
121. 17.2 Landforms and Coastal Erosion — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
122. 17.3 Landforms and Coastal Deposition — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
123. 17.4 Sea-Level Change — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
124. 17.5 Human Interference with Shorelines — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
125. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
126. Chapter 18 Geology of the Oceans — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
127. 18.1 The Topography of the Sea Floor — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
128. 18.2 The Geology of the Oceanic Crust — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
129. 18.3 Sea-Floor Sediments — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
130. 18.4 Ocean Water — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
131. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
132. Chapter 19 Climate Change — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
133. 19.1 What Makes the Climate Change? — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
134. 19.2 Anthropogenic Climate Change — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
135. 19.3 Implications of Climate Change — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
136. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
137. Chapter 20 Geological Resources — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
138. 20.1 Metal Deposits — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
139. 20.2 Industrial Materials — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
140. 20.3 Fossil Fuels — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
141. 20.4 Diamonds — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
142. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
143. Chapter 21 Geological History of Colorado — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
144. 21.1 Geological History of Colorado — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
145. 21.2 Colorado during the Precambrian — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
146. 21.3 Colorado during the Paleozoic — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
147. 21.4 Colorado during the Mesozoic — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
148. 21.5 Colorado During the Cenozoic — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
149. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
150. Chapter 22 The Origin of Earth and the Solar System — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
151. 22.1 Starting with a Big Bang — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
152. 22.2 Forming Planets from the Remnants of Exploding Stars — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
153. 22.3 How to Build a Solar System — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
154. 22.4 Earth’s First 2 Billion Years — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
155. 22.5 Are There Other Earths? — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
156. Summary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
157. Glossary — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
158. About the Author — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
159. Appendix 1: List of Geologically Important Elements and the Periodic Table — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
160. Appendix 2: Answers to Review Questions — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
161. Appendix 3: Answers to Exercises — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
162. Links for Print Edition — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
163. Versioning History — Physical Geology – 2nd Edition
Appendix
Under construction!
ACC Physical Geology by Mark Leatherman is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.