{"id":218,"date":"2019-11-14T18:59:33","date_gmt":"2019-11-14T18:59:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/chapter\/5-10-beta-2-agonist\/"},"modified":"2025-01-16T22:26:04","modified_gmt":"2025-01-16T22:26:04","slug":"5-10-beta-2-agonist","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/chapter\/5-10-beta-2-agonist\/","title":{"raw":"5.10 Beta-2 Agonists","rendered":"5.10 Beta-2 Agonists"},"content":{"raw":"Albuterol is an example of a short-acting Beta-2 agonist. See Figures 5.11[footnote]\u201cVentolin\u00ae HFA (Albuterol Sulfate) Inhaler.jpg<\/a>\u201d by MisterNarwhal<\/a> is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>, 5.12[footnote]\u201cAlbuterol 2.jpg<\/a>\u201d by Mark Oniffrey<\/a> is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup> and 5.13\u00a0[footnote]\"Nebulizer_Mouthpiece.png<\/a>\" by BruceBlaus<\/a> is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>for images of an albuterol inhaler, ampule, and nebulizer.\n\nSalmeterol is an example of a long-acting Beta-2 agonist.\n\nSee the \"Autonomic Nervous System<\/a>\" chapter for more information regarding Beta-2 agonists.\n\nMechanism of Action: <\/strong>Albuterol and salmeterol stimulate Beta 2-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles producing bronchodilation. Beta-1 receptors can also be inadvertently stimulated, causing tachycardia.\n\nIndications: <\/strong>Short-acting albuterol is used to prevent or treat bronchospasms in people with asthma, reversible obstructive airway disease, or exercise-induced bronchospasm. Long-acting salmeterol is used to prevent bronchospasm.\n\nNursing Considerations:\u00a0<\/strong>Nurses should monitor respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and lung sounds before and after administration.\n\nSide Effects\/Adverse Effects: <\/strong>Beta-2 agonists can cause muscle tremor, excessive cardiac stimulation, and CNS stimulation.[footnote]Frandsen, G., & Pennington, S. (2018). Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice <\/em>(11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nHealth Teaching & Health Promotion: <\/strong>Clients should be instructed to take medication as directed and report any sustained or worsening symptoms to their health care provider. When first using an inhaler, clients should be instructed to prime the inhaler unit prior to administering their medication. Use of medications like albuterol can cause an unusual taste in the mouth, and rinsing the mouth with water after use is permitted. Clients should have an understanding of medication onset and use short-acting and long-acting inhalers appropriately.[footnote]uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\n \n\n[caption id=\"attachment_217\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"281\"]\"Photo Figure 5.11 Albuterol Inhaler[\/caption]\n\n \n\n[caption id=\"attachment_217\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"448\"]\"Photo Figure 5.12 Ampule of Albuterol Sulfate for Inhalation[\/caption]\n\n \n\n[caption id=\"attachment_217\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"349\"]\"An Figure 5.13 Nebulizer[\/caption]\n\nNow let's take a closer look at the medication grid for albuterol and salmeterol in Table 5.10.[footnote]This work is a derivative of\u00a0Pharmacology Notes: Nursing Implications for Clinical Practice<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0Gloria Velarde<\/a>\u00a0licensed under\u00a0CC BY-NC-SA 4.0<\/a>[\/footnote],[footnote]This work is a derivative of\u00a0DailyMed<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the Public Domain<\/a>. [\/footnote],[footnote]Frandsen, G., & Pennington, S. (2018). Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice\u00a0<\/em>(11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.[\/footnote],[footnote]This work is a derivative of\u00a0DailyMed<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the Public Domain<\/a>. [\/footnote],[footnote]Adams, M., Holland, N., & Urban, C. (2020).\u00a0Pharmacology for nurses: A pathophysiologic approach\u00a0<\/em>(6th ed.). pp. 622-63.[\/footnote]<\/span><\/sup>\n\nTable 5.10 Albuterol and Salmeterol Medication Grid\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
Class\/Subclass<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Prototype\/Generic<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Nursing Considerations<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Therapeutic Effects<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Side\/Adverse Effects<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Short-acting Beta-2 Agonist (SABA)<\/strong><\/td>\nalbuterol<\/a><\/td>\nFast onset of action for prevention or alleviation of bronchospasm<\/td>\nRapid bronchodilation<\/td>\nCNS stimulation (excitability)\n\nCardiovascular stimulation (tachycardia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Long-acting Beta-2 Agonist (LABA)<\/strong><\/td>\nsalmeterol<\/a><\/td>\nHas a slow onset of action and will not stop an acute bronchospasm\n\nIncreased risk of death with use during an \"asthma attack\" due to slow onset of action<\/td>\nPrevention of bronchospasm<\/td>\nTachycardia, dysrhythmias, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, paradoxical bronchoconstriction, and increased risk for asthma-related death<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>","rendered":"

Albuterol is an example of a short-acting Beta-2 agonist. See Figures 5.11[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup>, 5.12[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup> and 5.13\u00a0[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup>for images of an albuterol inhaler, ampule, and nebulizer.<\/p>\n

Salmeterol is an example of a long-acting Beta-2 agonist.<\/p>\n

See the “Autonomic Nervous System<\/a>” chapter for more information regarding Beta-2 agonists.<\/p>\n

Mechanism of Action: <\/strong>Albuterol and salmeterol stimulate Beta 2-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles producing bronchodilation. Beta-1 receptors can also be inadvertently stimulated, causing tachycardia.<\/p>\n

Indications: <\/strong>Short-acting albuterol is used to prevent or treat bronchospasms in people with asthma, reversible obstructive airway disease, or exercise-induced bronchospasm. Long-acting salmeterol is used to prevent bronchospasm.<\/p>\n

Nursing Considerations:\u00a0<\/strong>Nurses should monitor respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and lung sounds before and after administration.<\/p>\n

Side Effects\/Adverse Effects: <\/strong>Beta-2 agonists can cause muscle tremor, excessive cardiac stimulation, and CNS stimulation.[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

Health Teaching & Health Promotion: <\/strong>Clients should be instructed to take medication as directed and report any sustained or worsening symptoms to their health care provider. When first using an inhaler, clients should be instructed to prime the inhaler unit prior to administering their medication. Use of medications like albuterol can cause an unusual taste in the mouth, and rinsing the mouth with water after use is permitted. Clients should have an understanding of medication onset and use short-acting and long-acting inhalers appropriately.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Photo
Figure 5.11 Albuterol Inhaler<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Photo
Figure 5.12 Ampule of Albuterol Sulfate for Inhalation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"An
Figure 5.13 Nebulizer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Now let’s take a closer look at the medication grid for albuterol and salmeterol in Table 5.10.[6]<\/sup><\/a>,[7]<\/sup><\/a>,[8]<\/sup><\/a>,[9]<\/sup><\/a>,[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

Table 5.10 Albuterol and Salmeterol Medication Grid<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
Class\/Subclass<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Prototype\/Generic<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Nursing Considerations<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Therapeutic Effects<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n
\n
Side\/Adverse Effects<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
Short-acting Beta-2 Agonist (SABA)<\/strong><\/td>\nalbuterol<\/a><\/td>\nFast onset of action for prevention or alleviation of bronchospasm<\/td>\nRapid bronchodilation<\/td>\nCNS stimulation (excitability)<\/p>\n

Cardiovascular stimulation (tachycardia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Long-acting Beta-2 Agonist (LABA)<\/strong><\/td>\nsalmeterol<\/a><\/td>\nHas a slow onset of action and will not stop an acute bronchospasm<\/p>\n

Increased risk of death with use during an “asthma attack” due to slow onset of action<\/td>\n

Prevention of bronchospasm<\/td>\nTachycardia, dysrhythmias, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, paradoxical bronchoconstriction, and increased risk for asthma-related death<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
  1. \u201cVentolin\u00ae HFA (Albuterol Sulfate) Inhaler.jpg<\/a>\u201d by MisterNarwhal<\/a> is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0<\/a> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  2. \u201cAlbuterol 2.jpg<\/a>\u201d by Mark Oniffrey<\/a> is licensed under CC BY SA 4.0<\/a> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  3. \"Nebulizer_Mouthpiece.png<\/a>\" by BruceBlaus<\/a> is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  4. Frandsen, G., & Pennington, S. (2018). Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice <\/em>(11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  5. uCentral from Unbound Medicine. https:\/\/www.unboundmedicine.com\/ucentral<\/a> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  6. This work is a derivative of\u00a0Pharmacology Notes: Nursing Implications for Clinical Practice<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0Gloria Velarde<\/a>\u00a0licensed under\u00a0CC BY-NC-SA 4.0<\/a> ↵<\/a><\/li>
  7. This work is a derivative of\u00a0DailyMed<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the Public Domain<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  8. Frandsen, G., & Pennington, S. (2018). Abrams\u2019 clinical drug: Rationales for nursing practice\u00a0<\/em>(11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  9. This work is a derivative of\u00a0DailyMed<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0U.S. National Library of Medicine<\/a> in the Public Domain<\/a>. ↵<\/a><\/li>
  10. Adams, M., Holland, N., & Urban, C. (2020).\u00a0Pharmacology for nurses: A pathophysiologic approach\u00a0<\/em>(6th ed.). pp. 622-63. ↵<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":83,"menu_order":10,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-218","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":186,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/83"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":219,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/218\/revisions\/219"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/186"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/218\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=218"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=218"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursingpharmacology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}