{"id":257,"date":"2021-08-26T15:55:18","date_gmt":"2021-08-26T15:55:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/chapter\/11-5-transitioning-to-the-rn-role\/"},"modified":"2025-02-18T18:43:03","modified_gmt":"2025-02-18T18:43:03","slug":"11-5-transitioning-to-the-rn-role","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/chapter\/11-5-transitioning-to-the-rn-role\/","title":{"raw":"11.5 Transitioning to the RN Role","rendered":"11.5 Transitioning to the RN Role"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Reality Shock<\/h2>\nAs a new graduate transitions into the role of being a registered nurse (RN), it is very common to experience something called \u201creality shock.\u201d Although Kramer\u2019s \u201cReality Shock\u201d theory is several decades old, it continues to apply to new nurses transitioning to their new role through a process of learning and growing. Kramer\u2019s Reality Shock theory characterizes four phases of transitioning into a new role referred to as the honeymoon, shock, recovery, and resolution phases<sup>[footnote]Kramer, M. (1974). <em>Reality shock: Why nurses leave nursing<\/em>. C. V. Mosby Co.[\/footnote]<\/sup>:\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Honeymoon phase:<\/strong> The first phase occurs when the newly graduated RN is excited to join the nursing profession and it is everything they imagined. During this phase, the new nurse is typically paired up with a preceptor RN to orient them to the new role.<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Shock phase:<\/strong> The second phase is when the new RN is the most vulnerable. They are moved off orientation and independently perform tasks without the guidance of their preceptor. The RN role is often more difficult than the new nurse previously imagined. The new RN realizes their expectations associated with the nursing role may be inconsistent with the actual responsibilities. During this phase, negative feelings regarding their new profession may arise, and the new RN is at greatest risk for leaving the unit or quitting.<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Recovery phase:<\/strong> The third phase is when new RNs begin to have positive feelings towards their profession again. During this phase, the new RN is able to reflect on their experiences and develop a clear understanding of their responsibilities and role expectations. The novice RN typically experiences decreased tension and anxiety and begins to assist other RNs as needed.<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Resolution phase:<\/strong> The fourth and final phase is usually at the end of the first year of the new position. The new RN can visualize how the role contributes to the profession, and work expectations are easily met.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Transitioning Into Practice<\/h2>\nOver the years, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) has researched the complex issue of retaining new nursing graduates and found the inability of new nurses to properly transition into practice can have grave consequences. New nurses care for sicker clients in increasingly complex health settings and feel increased stress levels. As a result, new nurses are involved in more client safety and practice errors than experienced nurses. It has been reported by the NCSBN that within the first year of employment, 25% of novice RNs leave their nursing positions.<sup>[footnote]NCSBN. (n.d.). <em>Transition to practice: Why transition to practice (TTP)?<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncsbn.org\/transition-to-practice.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ncsbn.org\/transition-to-practice.htm<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nThere are several potential strategies for helping new nurses transition into practice. The first step of the transition is being aware of \u201creality shock\u201d and the phases of the transition process. A thorough orientation process with an experienced preceptor is a traditional strategy for transitioning into a new nursing position. A newer strategy being implemented in some agencies is a nurse residency program.\n\n<strong>[pb_glossary id=\"440\"]Orientation[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> may last anywhere from one to four months, but can be longer depending on the specialty (e.g., Intensive Care or Labor and Delivery). Orientation is based on the new nurse\u2019s demonstration and completion of competencies. During this time, the novice RN will work with a preceptor to experience all aspects of the role.\n\n<strong>[pb_glossary id=\"441\"]Preceptors[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> are experienced and competent RNs who serve as a role model and a resource to a newly hired nurse. Preceptors have the knowledge, skills, and the ability to coach the new RN into the nursing role and answer their questions. The preceptor also evaluates a new hire\u2019s performance and provides feedback for improvement.\n\n<strong>[pb_glossary id=\"442\"]Nurse residency programs[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> provide additional professional development support for all newly licensed nurses. Nurse residency programs vary from institution to institution, but many start around the time the new graduate ends their orientation with a preceptor and continue to provide routine support throughout the year. Residency programs are structured to provide a variety of learning opportunities, including nursing skill development, peer networking, and mentorship. The goal of nurse residency programs is to provide organizational support for newly licensed nurses during the critical phase of transitioning from student to professional nurse.<sup>[footnote]Ackerson, K., &amp; Stiles, K. A. (2018). Value of nurse residency programs in retaining new graduate nurses and their potential effect on the nursing shortage. <em>The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 49<\/em>(6). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/00220124-20180517-09\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/00220124-20180517-09<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup> See Figure 11.5<sup>[footnote]\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/portrait-multicultural-medical-team-standing-hospital-1637163589\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1637163589.jpg<\/a>\" by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/g\/stockbroker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monkey Business Images<\/a> is used under license from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shutterstock.com<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup> for an image of new nurses participating in a nurse residency program.\n\n[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"449\"]<img class=\"wp-image-1538 \" title=\"\u201c1637163589.jpg&quot; by Monkey Business Images is used under license from Shutterstock.com\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/225\/2021\/08\/1637163589-huge-1-scaled-1.jpg\" alt=\"Photo showing a group of individuals in a simulated Nurse Residency Program\" width=\"449\" height=\"300\"> Figure 11.5 Nurse Residency Program[\/caption]\n<h2>Benner\u2019s Novice to Expert Theory<\/h2>\nAs a nursing graduate transitions into a new nursing role, a well-known theory called \u201c<strong>[pb_glossary id=\"443\"]Benner\u2019s Novice to Expert Theory[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong>\u201d explains how new hires develop skills and a holistic understanding of client care over time, resulting from a combination of a strong educational foundation and thorough clinical experiences. See Figure 11.6<sup>[footnote]\u201cNovice to Expert.png\u201d by Meredith Pomietlo for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cvtc.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chippewa Valley Technical College<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup> for an illustration of Benner\u2019s Novice to Expert Theory. Benner\u2019s theory identifies five levels of nursing experience: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert.<sup>[footnote]Nursing Theory. (2020).<em> Dr. Patricia Benner novice to expert - nursing theorist.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/nursing-theory.org\/nursing-theorists\/Patricia-Benner.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/nursing-theory.org\/nursing-theorists\/Patricia-Benner.php<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">A <strong>novice<\/strong> is a beginner with no clinical experience. They are taught general rules to help perform tasks, and their rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible. In other words, they are told what to do and simply follow instructions.<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">An <strong>advanced beginner<\/strong> shows acceptable performance and has gained prior experience in actual nursing situations. This experience helps the nurse recognize recurring patterns of client symptoms and behaviors. An advanced beginner begins to formulate strategies, based on their previous experiences, to guide actions.<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">A <strong>competent nurse<\/strong> generally has two or three years\u2019 experience on the job in the same type of position that has similar day-to-day situations. Competent nurses become aware of long-term goals and gain perspective from planning their own actions. This helps them achieve greater efficiency and organization.<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">A <strong>proficient nurse<\/strong> perceives and understands situations as whole parts, so they have a holistic understanding of nursing that improves their decision-making. Proficient nurses have learned what to expect in various client situations and how to modify plans as needed.<\/li>\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Expert nurses<\/strong> no longer rely on principles, rules, or guidelines to connect situations and determine actions. They have a deeper background of experience and an intuitive grasp of clinical situations. Their performances are fluid, flexible, and highly proficient.<sup>[footnote]Nursing Theory. (2020).<em> Dr. Patricia Benner novice to expert - nursing theorist.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/nursing-theory.org\/nursing-theorists\/Patricia-Benner.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/nursing-theory.org\/nursing-theorists\/Patricia-Benner.php<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[caption id=\"attachment_256\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1024\"]<img class=\"wp-image-256 size-large\" title=\"Novice to Expert.png\u201d by Meredith Pomietlo for Chippewa Valley Technical College\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0CC BY 4.0\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/225\/2025\/02\/Novice-to-Expert-1024x791.png\" alt=\"Image of arrows and text describing novice to expert theory\" width=\"1024\" height=\"791\"> Figure 11.6 Novice to Expert Theory[\/caption]\n<h2>Mentorship<\/h2>\nThe value of mentorship in the nursing profession is immense, impacting both the personal and professional development of nurses and the overall quality of client care. Mentorship involves experienced nurses providing guidance, support, and knowledge to less experienced or new nurses, fostering their growth and integration into the profession. This relationship is essential for building a competent, confident, and resilient nursing workforce.<sup>[footnote]ANA. (2024). <em>Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential<\/em>. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nOne of the primary benefits of mentorship is the enhancement of clinical skills and knowledge. Experienced mentors share their expertise, clinical insights, and practical tips with mentees, helping them develop critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. This hands-on learning experience is invaluable, as it bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Through mentorship, new nurses gain confidence in their clinical competencies, leading to improved client care and safety.<sup>[footnote]ANA. (2024). <em>Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential<\/em>. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nMentorship also plays a crucial role in professional development. Mentors guide mentees in setting career goals, navigating career paths, and pursuing continuing education opportunities. They offer advice on advancing in the profession, whether through specialization, leadership roles, or academic achievements. This guidance helps nurses achieve their professional aspirations and contribute more effectively to the health care system. Additionally, mentors often serve as role models, demonstrating the qualities and behaviors essential for success in nursing.<sup>[footnote]ANA. (2024). <em>Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential<\/em>. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nThe supportive nature of mentorship fosters emotional and psychological well-being. The transition from nursing school to clinical practice can be challenging and stressful. Having a mentor provides new nurses with a trusted confidant who offers encouragement, listens to concerns, and provides constructive feedback. This support system helps reduce feelings of isolation and burnout, promoting job satisfaction and retention. Mentors can also help new nurses develop coping strategies and resilience, which are critical for long-term success in the demanding field of health care.<sup>[footnote]ANA. (2024). <em>Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential<\/em>. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nMentorship contributes to the creation of a positive and collaborative workplace culture. By fostering strong relationships between experienced and novice nurses, mentorship programs encourage teamwork, mutual respect, and knowledge sharing. This collaborative environment enhances communication, reduces errors, and improves overall client outcomes. Furthermore, a culture of mentorship promotes lifelong learning and continuous improvement, essential elements for maintaining high standards of care in a rapidly evolving health care landscape. For mentors, the experience is also enriching and rewarding. Mentoring provides opportunities for professional growth, leadership development, and personal satisfaction. It allows experienced nurses to reflect on their own practices, stay current with new trends and technologies, and contribute to the future of the nursing profession. The act of mentoring fosters a sense of purpose and fulfillment, reinforcing the mentor's commitment to the profession and enhancing their own career satisfaction.<sup>[footnote]ANA. (2024). <em>Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential<\/em>. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/sup>\n\nMentorship is a cornerstone of the nursing profession, offering substantial benefits to individual nurses, health care organizations, and clients. It enhances clinical skills, supports professional development, fosters emotional well-being, and promotes a positive workplace culture. By investing in mentorship programs, health care organizations can ensure the growth and success of their nursing staff, ultimately leading to higher quality care and better client outcomes.","rendered":"<h2>Reality Shock<\/h2>\n<p>As a new graduate transitions into the role of being a registered nurse (RN), it is very common to experience something called \u201creality shock.\u201d Although Kramer\u2019s \u201cReality Shock\u201d theory is several decades old, it continues to apply to new nurses transitioning to their new role through a process of learning and growing. Kramer\u2019s Reality Shock theory characterizes four phases of transitioning into a new role referred to as the honeymoon, shock, recovery, and resolution phases<sup><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Kramer, M. (1974). Reality shock: Why nurses leave nursing. C. V. Mosby Co.\" id=\"return-footnote-257-1\" href=\"#footnote-257-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Honeymoon phase:<\/strong> The first phase occurs when the newly graduated RN is excited to join the nursing profession and it is everything they imagined. During this phase, the new nurse is typically paired up with a preceptor RN to orient them to the new role.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Shock phase:<\/strong> The second phase is when the new RN is the most vulnerable. They are moved off orientation and independently perform tasks without the guidance of their preceptor. The RN role is often more difficult than the new nurse previously imagined. The new RN realizes their expectations associated with the nursing role may be inconsistent with the actual responsibilities. During this phase, negative feelings regarding their new profession may arise, and the new RN is at greatest risk for leaving the unit or quitting.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Recovery phase:<\/strong> The third phase is when new RNs begin to have positive feelings towards their profession again. During this phase, the new RN is able to reflect on their experiences and develop a clear understanding of their responsibilities and role expectations. The novice RN typically experiences decreased tension and anxiety and begins to assist other RNs as needed.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Resolution phase:<\/strong> The fourth and final phase is usually at the end of the first year of the new position. The new RN can visualize how the role contributes to the profession, and work expectations are easily met.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Transitioning Into Practice<\/h2>\n<p>Over the years, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) has researched the complex issue of retaining new nursing graduates and found the inability of new nurses to properly transition into practice can have grave consequences. New nurses care for sicker clients in increasingly complex health settings and feel increased stress levels. As a result, new nurses are involved in more client safety and practice errors than experienced nurses. It has been reported by the NCSBN that within the first year of employment, 25% of novice RNs leave their nursing positions.<sup><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"NCSBN. (n.d.). Transition to practice: Why transition to practice (TTP)? http:\/\/www.ncsbn.org\/transition-to-practice.htm\" id=\"return-footnote-257-2\" href=\"#footnote-257-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>There are several potential strategies for helping new nurses transition into practice. The first step of the transition is being aware of \u201creality shock\u201d and the phases of the transition process. A thorough orientation process with an experienced preceptor is a traditional strategy for transitioning into a new nursing position. A newer strategy being implemented in some agencies is a nurse residency program.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_257_440\">Orientation<\/a><\/strong> may last anywhere from one to four months, but can be longer depending on the specialty (e.g., Intensive Care or Labor and Delivery). Orientation is based on the new nurse\u2019s demonstration and completion of competencies. During this time, the novice RN will work with a preceptor to experience all aspects of the role.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_257_441\">Preceptors<\/a><\/strong> are experienced and competent RNs who serve as a role model and a resource to a newly hired nurse. Preceptors have the knowledge, skills, and the ability to coach the new RN into the nursing role and answer their questions. The preceptor also evaluates a new hire\u2019s performance and provides feedback for improvement.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_257_442\">Nurse residency programs<\/a><\/strong> provide additional professional development support for all newly licensed nurses. Nurse residency programs vary from institution to institution, but many start around the time the new graduate ends their orientation with a preceptor and continue to provide routine support throughout the year. Residency programs are structured to provide a variety of learning opportunities, including nursing skill development, peer networking, and mentorship. The goal of nurse residency programs is to provide organizational support for newly licensed nurses during the critical phase of transitioning from student to professional nurse.<sup><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Ackerson, K., &amp; Stiles, K. A. (2018). Value of nurse residency programs in retaining new graduate nurses and their potential effect on the nursing shortage. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 49(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/00220124-20180517-09\" id=\"return-footnote-257-3\" href=\"#footnote-257-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup> See Figure 11.5<sup><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"\u201c1637163589.jpg&quot; by Monkey Business Images is used under license from Shutterstock.com\" id=\"return-footnote-257-4\" href=\"#footnote-257-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup> for an image of new nurses participating in a nurse residency program.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_256\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-256\" style=\"width: 449px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1538\" title=\"\u201c1637163589.jpg&quot; by Monkey Business Images is used under license from Shutterstock.com\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/225\/2021\/08\/1637163589-huge-1-scaled-1.jpg\" alt=\"Photo showing a group of individuals in a simulated Nurse Residency Program\" width=\"449\" height=\"300\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-256\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 11.5 Nurse Residency Program<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Benner\u2019s Novice to Expert Theory<\/h2>\n<p>As a nursing graduate transitions into a new nursing role, a well-known theory called \u201c<strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_257_443\">Benner\u2019s Novice to Expert Theory<\/a><\/strong>\u201d explains how new hires develop skills and a holistic understanding of client care over time, resulting from a combination of a strong educational foundation and thorough clinical experiences. See Figure 11.6<sup><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"\u201cNovice to Expert.png\u201d by Meredith Pomietlo for Chippewa Valley Technical College\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0CC BY 4.0\" id=\"return-footnote-257-5\" href=\"#footnote-257-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup> for an illustration of Benner\u2019s Novice to Expert Theory. Benner\u2019s theory identifies five levels of nursing experience: novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert.<sup><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Nursing Theory. (2020). Dr. Patricia Benner novice to expert - nursing theorist. https:\/\/nursing-theory.org\/nursing-theorists\/Patricia-Benner.php\" id=\"return-footnote-257-6\" href=\"#footnote-257-6\" aria-label=\"Footnote 6\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">A <strong>novice<\/strong> is a beginner with no clinical experience. They are taught general rules to help perform tasks, and their rule-governed behavior is limited and inflexible. In other words, they are told what to do and simply follow instructions.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">An <strong>advanced beginner<\/strong> shows acceptable performance and has gained prior experience in actual nursing situations. This experience helps the nurse recognize recurring patterns of client symptoms and behaviors. An advanced beginner begins to formulate strategies, based on their previous experiences, to guide actions.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">A <strong>competent nurse<\/strong> generally has two or three years\u2019 experience on the job in the same type of position that has similar day-to-day situations. Competent nurses become aware of long-term goals and gain perspective from planning their own actions. This helps them achieve greater efficiency and organization.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">A <strong>proficient nurse<\/strong> perceives and understands situations as whole parts, so they have a holistic understanding of nursing that improves their decision-making. Proficient nurses have learned what to expect in various client situations and how to modify plans as needed.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Expert nurses<\/strong> no longer rely on principles, rules, or guidelines to connect situations and determine actions. They have a deeper background of experience and an intuitive grasp of clinical situations. Their performances are fluid, flexible, and highly proficient.<sup><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Nursing Theory. (2020). Dr. Patricia Benner novice to expert - nursing theorist. https:\/\/nursing-theory.org\/nursing-theorists\/Patricia-Benner.php\" id=\"return-footnote-257-7\" href=\"#footnote-257-7\" aria-label=\"Footnote 7\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_256\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-256\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-256 size-large\" title=\"Novice to Expert.png\u201d by Meredith Pomietlo for Chippewa Valley Technical College\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0CC BY 4.0\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accphysicalgeology\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/225\/2025\/02\/Novice-to-Expert-1024x791.png\" alt=\"Image of arrows and text describing novice to expert theory\" width=\"1024\" height=\"791\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/225\/2025\/02\/Novice-to-Expert-1024x791.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/225\/2025\/02\/Novice-to-Expert-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/225\/2025\/02\/Novice-to-Expert-768x593.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/225\/2025\/02\/Novice-to-Expert-1536x1187.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/225\/2025\/02\/Novice-to-Expert-65x50.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/225\/2025\/02\/Novice-to-Expert-225x174.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/225\/2025\/02\/Novice-to-Expert-350x270.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/225\/2025\/02\/Novice-to-Expert.png 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-256\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 11.6 Novice to Expert Theory<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Mentorship<\/h2>\n<p>The value of mentorship in the nursing profession is immense, impacting both the personal and professional development of nurses and the overall quality of client care. Mentorship involves experienced nurses providing guidance, support, and knowledge to less experienced or new nurses, fostering their growth and integration into the profession. This relationship is essential for building a competent, confident, and resilient nursing workforce.<sup><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"ANA. (2024). Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential. Retrieved from\u00a0https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" id=\"return-footnote-257-8\" href=\"#footnote-257-8\" aria-label=\"Footnote 8\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>One of the primary benefits of mentorship is the enhancement of clinical skills and knowledge. Experienced mentors share their expertise, clinical insights, and practical tips with mentees, helping them develop critical thinking and problem-solving abilities. This hands-on learning experience is invaluable, as it bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Through mentorship, new nurses gain confidence in their clinical competencies, leading to improved client care and safety.<sup><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"ANA. (2024). Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential. Retrieved from\u00a0https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" id=\"return-footnote-257-9\" href=\"#footnote-257-9\" aria-label=\"Footnote 9\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Mentorship also plays a crucial role in professional development. Mentors guide mentees in setting career goals, navigating career paths, and pursuing continuing education opportunities. They offer advice on advancing in the profession, whether through specialization, leadership roles, or academic achievements. This guidance helps nurses achieve their professional aspirations and contribute more effectively to the health care system. Additionally, mentors often serve as role models, demonstrating the qualities and behaviors essential for success in nursing.<sup><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"ANA. (2024). Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential. Retrieved from\u00a0https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" id=\"return-footnote-257-10\" href=\"#footnote-257-10\" aria-label=\"Footnote 10\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>The supportive nature of mentorship fosters emotional and psychological well-being. The transition from nursing school to clinical practice can be challenging and stressful. Having a mentor provides new nurses with a trusted confidant who offers encouragement, listens to concerns, and provides constructive feedback. This support system helps reduce feelings of isolation and burnout, promoting job satisfaction and retention. Mentors can also help new nurses develop coping strategies and resilience, which are critical for long-term success in the demanding field of health care.<sup><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"ANA. (2024). Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential. Retrieved from\u00a0https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" id=\"return-footnote-257-11\" href=\"#footnote-257-11\" aria-label=\"Footnote 11\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Mentorship contributes to the creation of a positive and collaborative workplace culture. By fostering strong relationships between experienced and novice nurses, mentorship programs encourage teamwork, mutual respect, and knowledge sharing. This collaborative environment enhances communication, reduces errors, and improves overall client outcomes. Furthermore, a culture of mentorship promotes lifelong learning and continuous improvement, essential elements for maintaining high standards of care in a rapidly evolving health care landscape. For mentors, the experience is also enriching and rewarding. Mentoring provides opportunities for professional growth, leadership development, and personal satisfaction. It allows experienced nurses to reflect on their own practices, stay current with new trends and technologies, and contribute to the future of the nursing profession. The act of mentoring fosters a sense of purpose and fulfillment, reinforcing the mentor&#8217;s commitment to the profession and enhancing their own career satisfaction.<sup><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"ANA. (2024). Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential. Retrieved from\u00a0https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" id=\"return-footnote-257-12\" href=\"#footnote-257-12\" aria-label=\"Footnote 12\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[12]<\/sup><\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>Mentorship is a cornerstone of the nursing profession, offering substantial benefits to individual nurses, health care organizations, and clients. It enhances clinical skills, supports professional development, fosters emotional well-being, and promotes a positive workplace culture. By investing in mentorship programs, health care organizations can ensure the growth and success of their nursing staff, ultimately leading to higher quality care and better client outcomes.<\/p>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-257-1\">Kramer, M. (1974). <em>Reality shock: Why nurses leave nursing<\/em>. C. V. Mosby Co. <a href=\"#return-footnote-257-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-257-2\">NCSBN. (n.d.). <em>Transition to practice: Why transition to practice (TTP)?<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncsbn.org\/transition-to-practice.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ncsbn.org\/transition-to-practice.htm<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-257-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-257-3\">Ackerson, K., &amp; Stiles, K. A. (2018). Value of nurse residency programs in retaining new graduate nurses and their potential effect on the nursing shortage. <em>The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 49<\/em>(6). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/00220124-20180517-09\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/00220124-20180517-09<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-257-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-257-4\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/image-photo\/portrait-multicultural-medical-team-standing-hospital-1637163589\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1637163589.jpg<\/a>\" by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/g\/stockbroker\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monkey Business Images<\/a> is used under license from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.shutterstock.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shutterstock.com<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-257-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-257-5\">\u201cNovice to Expert.png\u201d by Meredith Pomietlo for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cvtc.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chippewa Valley Technical College<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-257-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-257-6\">Nursing Theory. (2020).<em> Dr. Patricia Benner novice to expert - nursing theorist.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/nursing-theory.org\/nursing-theorists\/Patricia-Benner.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/nursing-theory.org\/nursing-theorists\/Patricia-Benner.php<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-257-6\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 6\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-257-7\">Nursing Theory. (2020).<em> Dr. Patricia Benner novice to expert - nursing theorist.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/nursing-theory.org\/nursing-theorists\/Patricia-Benner.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/nursing-theory.org\/nursing-theorists\/Patricia-Benner.php<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-257-7\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 7\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-257-8\">ANA. (2024). <em>Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential<\/em>. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-257-8\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 8\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-257-9\">ANA. (2024). <em>Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential<\/em>. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-257-9\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 9\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-257-10\">ANA. (2024). <em>Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential<\/em>. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-257-10\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 10\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-257-11\">ANA. (2024). <em>Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential<\/em>. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-257-11\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 11\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-257-12\">ANA. (2024). <em>Mentorship in nursing: Benefits &amp; why it's essential<\/em>. Retrieved from\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nursingworld.org\/content-hub\/resources\/nursing-resources\/benefits-of-mentorship-in-nursing\/#:~:text=As%20a%20mentor%2C%20you'll,be%20conducted%20formally%20or%20informally.<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-257-12\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 12\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_257_440\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_257_440\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>A structured transition process when hired into a new position that typically lasts about four months, but can be longer depending on the speciality (e.g., Intensive Care or Labor and Delivery).<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_257_441\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_257_441\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>Experienced and competent RNs who serve as a role model and a resource to a newly hired nurse.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_257_442\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_257_442\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>A transition process that provides additional professional development for newly licensed nurses.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_257_443\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_257_443\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>A theory by Dr. Patricia Benner that explains how new hires develop skills and a holistic understanding of patient care over time, resulting from a combination of a strong educational foundation and thorough clinical experiences.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":32,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-257","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":242,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/257\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":580,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/257\/revisions\/580"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/242"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/257\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=257"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=257"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accnursing2030\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}