{"id":1051,"date":"2017-08-04T21:00:49","date_gmt":"2017-08-04T21:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/chapter\/19-4-comparing-gdp-among-countries\/"},"modified":"2023-10-27T02:20:07","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T02:20:07","slug":"19-4-comparing-gdp-among-countries","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/chapter\/19-4-comparing-gdp-among-countries\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 3 -  Comparing GDP among Countries","rendered":"Chapter 3 &#8211;  Comparing GDP among Countries"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\r\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\r\n<div>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/div>\r\n<div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Explain how GDP can be used to compare the economic welfare of different nations<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Calculate GDP per capita using population data<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp76215024\">It is common to use GDP as a measure of economic welfare or standard of living in a nation. When comparing the GDP of different nations for this purpose, two issues immediately arise. First, the GDP of a country is measured in its own currency: the United States uses the U.S. dollar; Canada, the Canadian dollar; most countries of Western Europe, the euro; Japan, the yen; Mexico, the peso; and so on. Thus, comparing GDP between two countries requires converting to a common currency. A second issue is that countries have very different numbers of people. For instance, the United States has a much larger economy than Mexico or Canada, but it also has roughly three times as many people as Mexico and nine times as many people as Canada. So, if we are trying to compare standards of living across countries, we need to divide GDP by population.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<section id=\"fs-idp104237568\">\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp177689456\" class=\"note economics workout textbox shaded\"><\/div>\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm10916128\">\r\n<h1>GDP Per Capita<\/h1>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp107571648\">The U.S. economy has the largest GDP in the world, by a considerable amount. The United States is also a populous country; in fact, it is the third largest country by population in the world, although well behind China and India. So is the U.S. economy larger than other countries just because the United States has more people than most other countries, or because the U.S. economy is actually larger on a per-person basis? This question can be answered by calculating a country\u2019s <strong>GDP per capita<\/strong>; that is, the GDP divided by the population.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp81338768\" class=\"equation\" style=\"text-align: center\">$latex GDP\\;per\\;capita = GDP\/population$<\/div>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp69768128\">The second column of <a class=\"autogenerated-content\" href=\"#Table_19_11\">Table 11<\/a> lists the GDP of the same selection of countries that appeared in <a class=\"autogenerated-content\" href=\"#Table_19_10\">Table 10<\/a>, showing their GDP as converted into U.S. dollars (which is the same as the last column of the previous table). The third column gives the population for each country. The fourth column lists the GDP per capita. GDP per capita is obtained in two steps: First, by dividing column two (GDP, in billions of dollars) by 1000 so it has the same units as column three (Population, in millions). Then dividing the result (GDP in millions of dollars) by column three (Population, in millions).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table id=\"Table_19_11\" summary=\"This table has four columns and eleven rows. The first row is a header row and it labels each column, \u201cCountry,\u201d \u201cGDP (in billions of U.S. dollars,\u201d \u201cPopulation (in millions),\u201d and \u201cPer Capital GDP (in U.S. dollars.\u201d Under the \u201cCountry\u201d column are the values: Brazil; Canada; China; Egypt; Germany; India; Japan; Mexico; South Korea; United Kingdom; and United States. Under the \u201cGDP (in billions of U.S. dollars\u201d column are the values: 2,246.00; 1,826.80; 9,469.10; 271.40; 3,636; 1,876.80; 4,898.50; 1,260.90; 1,304.47; 2,523.20; and 16,768.10. Under the \u201cPopulation (in millions)\u201d column are the values: 199.2; 35.1; 1,360.80; 83.7; 80.8; 1,243.30; 127.3; 118.4; 50.2; 64.1; and 316.3. Under the \u201cPer Capita GDP (in U.S. dollars)\u201d column are the values: 11,172.50; 52,037.10; 6,958.70; 3,242.90; 44,999.50; 1,509.50; 38,467.80; 10,649.90; 25,975.10; 39,371.70; and 53,001.00.\">\r\n<thead>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th>Country<\/th>\r\n<th>GDP (in billions of U.S. dollars)<\/th>\r\n<th>Population (in millions)<\/th>\r\n<th>Per Capita GDP (in U.S. dollars)<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/thead>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Brazil<\/td>\r\n<td>2,246.00<\/td>\r\n<td>199.20<\/td>\r\n<td>11,172.50<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Canada<\/td>\r\n<td>1,826.80<\/td>\r\n<td>35.10<\/td>\r\n<td>52,037.10<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>China<\/td>\r\n<td>9,469.10<\/td>\r\n<td>1,360.80<\/td>\r\n<td>6,958.70<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Egypt<\/td>\r\n<td>271.40<\/td>\r\n<td>83.70<\/td>\r\n<td>3,242.90<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Germany<\/td>\r\n<td>3,636.00<\/td>\r\n<td>80.80<\/td>\r\n<td>44,999.50<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>India<\/td>\r\n<td>1,876.80<\/td>\r\n<td>1,243.30<\/td>\r\n<td>1,509.50<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Japan<\/td>\r\n<td>4,898.50<\/td>\r\n<td>127.3<\/td>\r\n<td>38,467.80<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Mexico<\/td>\r\n<td>1,260.90<\/td>\r\n<td>118.40<\/td>\r\n<td>10,649.90<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>South Korea<\/td>\r\n<td>1,304.47<\/td>\r\n<td>50.20<\/td>\r\n<td>25,975.10<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>United Kingdom<\/td>\r\n<td>2,523.20<\/td>\r\n<td>64.10<\/td>\r\n<td>39,371.70<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>United States<\/td>\r\n<td>16,768.10<\/td>\r\n<td>316.30<\/td>\r\n<td>53,001.00<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"4\"><strong>Table 11.<\/strong> GDP Per Capita, 2013. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/weo\/2013\/01\/weodata\/index.aspx\">http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/weo\/2013\/01\/weodata\/index.aspx<\/a>)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp79746176\">Notice that the ranking by GDP is different from the ranking by GDP per capita. India has a somewhat larger GDP than Germany, but on a per capita basis, Germany has more than 10 times India\u2019s standard of living. Will China soon have a better standard of living than the U.S.? Read the following Clear It Up feature to find out.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"fs-idp59625568\" class=\"note economics clearup textbox shaded\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title\">Is China going to surpass the United States in terms of standard of living?<\/h3>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp54033968\">As shown in <a class=\"autogenerated-content\" href=\"#Table_19_11\">Table 11<\/a>, China has the second largest GDP of the countries: $9.5 trillion compared to the United States\u2019 $16.8 trillion. Perhaps it will surpass the United States, but probably not any time soon. China has a much larger population so that in per capita terms, its GDP is less than one fifth that of the United States ($6,958.70 compared to $53,001). The Chinese people are still quite poor relative to the United States and other developed countries. One caveat: For reasons to be discussed shortly, GDP per capita can give us only a rough idea of the differences in living standards across countries.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idp40685200\">The high-income nations of the world\u2014including the United States, Canada, the Western European countries, and Japan\u2014typically have GDP per capita in the range of $20,000 to $50,000. Middle-income countries, which include much of Latin America, Eastern Europe, and some countries in East Asia, have GDP per capita in the range of $6,000 to $12,000. The low-income countries in the world, many of them located in Africa and Asia, often have GDP per capita of less than $2,000 per year.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm44698400\" class=\"summary\">\r\n<h1>Key Concepts and Summary<\/h1>\r\n<p id=\"fs-idm13552208\">Since GDP is measured in a country\u2019s currency, in order to compare different countries\u2019 GDPs, we need to convert them to a common currency. One way to do that is with the exchange rate, which is the price of one country\u2019s currency in terms of another. Once GDPs are expressed in a common currency, we can compare each country\u2019s GDP per capita by dividing GDP by population. Countries with large populations often have large GDPs, but GDP alone can be a misleading indicator of the wealth of a nation. A better measure is GDP per capita.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm49947440\" class=\"self-check-questions\">\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3>Self-Check Questions<\/h3>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li id=\"fs-idp32754816\">Is it possible for GDP to rise while at the same time per capita GDP is falling? Is it possible for GDP to fall while per capita GDP is rising?<\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"fs-idm21667008\">The Central African Republic has a GDP of 1,107,689 million CFA francs and a population of 4.862 million. The exchange rate is 284.681CFA francs per dollar. Calculate the GDP per capita of Central African Republic.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/section><section id=\"fs-idm15480880\" class=\"problems\"><\/section>\r\n<div>\r\n<h2>Glossary<\/h2>\r\n<dl id=\"fs-idm112288\" class=\"definition\">\r\n \t<dt>exchange rate<\/dt>\r\n \t<dd id=\"fs-idm63220144\">the price of one currency in terms of another currency<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<dl id=\"fs-idm39535616\" class=\"definition\">\r\n \t<dt>GDP per capita<\/dt>\r\n \t<dd id=\"fs-idm2999312\">GDP divided by the population<\/dd>\r\n<\/dl>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\r\n<h3>Solutions<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Answers to Self-Check Questions<\/strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li id=\"fs-idm115578400\">Yes. The answer to both questions depends on whether GDP is growing faster or slower than population. If population grows faster than GDP, GDP increases, while GDP per capita decreases. If GDP falls, but population falls faster, then GDP decreases, while GDP per capita increases.<\/li>\r\n \t<li id=\"fs-idm40730656\">Start with Central African Republic\u2019s GDP measured in francs. Divide it by the exchange rate to convert to U.S. dollars, and then divide by population to obtain the per capita figure. That is, 1,107,689 million francs \/ 284.681 francs per dollar \/ 4.862 million people = $800.28 GDP per capita.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-highlight\">\n<h3>Learning Objectives<\/h3>\n<div>By the end of this section, you will be able to:<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>Explain how GDP can be used to compare the economic welfare of different nations<\/li>\n<li>Calculate GDP per capita using population data<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idp76215024\">It is common to use GDP as a measure of economic welfare or standard of living in a nation. When comparing the GDP of different nations for this purpose, two issues immediately arise. First, the GDP of a country is measured in its own currency: the United States uses the U.S. dollar; Canada, the Canadian dollar; most countries of Western Europe, the euro; Japan, the yen; Mexico, the peso; and so on. Thus, comparing GDP between two countries requires converting to a common currency. A second issue is that countries have very different numbers of people. For instance, the United States has a much larger economy than Mexico or Canada, but it also has roughly three times as many people as Mexico and nine times as many people as Canada. So, if we are trying to compare standards of living across countries, we need to divide GDP by population.<\/p>\n<section id=\"fs-idp104237568\">\n<div id=\"fs-idp177689456\" class=\"note economics workout textbox shaded\"><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idm10916128\">\n<h1>GDP Per Capita<\/h1>\n<p id=\"fs-idp107571648\">The U.S. economy has the largest GDP in the world, by a considerable amount. The United States is also a populous country; in fact, it is the third largest country by population in the world, although well behind China and India. So is the U.S. economy larger than other countries just because the United States has more people than most other countries, or because the U.S. economy is actually larger on a per-person basis? This question can be answered by calculating a country\u2019s <strong>GDP per capita<\/strong>; that is, the GDP divided by the population.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fs-idp81338768\" class=\"equation\" style=\"text-align: center\">[latex]GDP\\;per\\;capita = GDP\/population[\/latex]<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idp69768128\">The second column of <a class=\"autogenerated-content\" href=\"#Table_19_11\">Table 11<\/a> lists the GDP of the same selection of countries that appeared in <a class=\"autogenerated-content\" href=\"#Table_19_10\">Table 10<\/a>, showing their GDP as converted into U.S. dollars (which is the same as the last column of the previous table). The third column gives the population for each country. The fourth column lists the GDP per capita. GDP per capita is obtained in two steps: First, by dividing column two (GDP, in billions of dollars) by 1000 so it has the same units as column three (Population, in millions). Then dividing the result (GDP in millions of dollars) by column three (Population, in millions).<\/p>\n<table id=\"Table_19_11\" summary=\"This table has four columns and eleven rows. The first row is a header row and it labels each column, \u201cCountry,\u201d \u201cGDP (in billions of U.S. dollars,\u201d \u201cPopulation (in millions),\u201d and \u201cPer Capital GDP (in U.S. dollars.\u201d Under the \u201cCountry\u201d column are the values: Brazil; Canada; China; Egypt; Germany; India; Japan; Mexico; South Korea; United Kingdom; and United States. Under the \u201cGDP (in billions of U.S. dollars\u201d column are the values: 2,246.00; 1,826.80; 9,469.10; 271.40; 3,636; 1,876.80; 4,898.50; 1,260.90; 1,304.47; 2,523.20; and 16,768.10. Under the \u201cPopulation (in millions)\u201d column are the values: 199.2; 35.1; 1,360.80; 83.7; 80.8; 1,243.30; 127.3; 118.4; 50.2; 64.1; and 316.3. Under the \u201cPer Capita GDP (in U.S. dollars)\u201d column are the values: 11,172.50; 52,037.10; 6,958.70; 3,242.90; 44,999.50; 1,509.50; 38,467.80; 10,649.90; 25,975.10; 39,371.70; and 53,001.00.\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Country<\/th>\n<th>GDP (in billions of U.S. dollars)<\/th>\n<th>Population (in millions)<\/th>\n<th>Per Capita GDP (in U.S. dollars)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Brazil<\/td>\n<td>2,246.00<\/td>\n<td>199.20<\/td>\n<td>11,172.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Canada<\/td>\n<td>1,826.80<\/td>\n<td>35.10<\/td>\n<td>52,037.10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>China<\/td>\n<td>9,469.10<\/td>\n<td>1,360.80<\/td>\n<td>6,958.70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Egypt<\/td>\n<td>271.40<\/td>\n<td>83.70<\/td>\n<td>3,242.90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Germany<\/td>\n<td>3,636.00<\/td>\n<td>80.80<\/td>\n<td>44,999.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>India<\/td>\n<td>1,876.80<\/td>\n<td>1,243.30<\/td>\n<td>1,509.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Japan<\/td>\n<td>4,898.50<\/td>\n<td>127.3<\/td>\n<td>38,467.80<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mexico<\/td>\n<td>1,260.90<\/td>\n<td>118.40<\/td>\n<td>10,649.90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>South Korea<\/td>\n<td>1,304.47<\/td>\n<td>50.20<\/td>\n<td>25,975.10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>United Kingdom<\/td>\n<td>2,523.20<\/td>\n<td>64.10<\/td>\n<td>39,371.70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>United States<\/td>\n<td>16,768.10<\/td>\n<td>316.30<\/td>\n<td>53,001.00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"4\"><strong>Table 11.<\/strong> GDP Per Capita, 2013. (Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/weo\/2013\/01\/weodata\/index.aspx\">http:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/weo\/2013\/01\/weodata\/index.aspx<\/a>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p id=\"fs-idp79746176\">Notice that the ranking by GDP is different from the ranking by GDP per capita. India has a somewhat larger GDP than Germany, but on a per capita basis, Germany has more than 10 times India\u2019s standard of living. Will China soon have a better standard of living than the U.S.? Read the following Clear It Up feature to find out.<\/p>\n<div id=\"fs-idp59625568\" class=\"note economics clearup textbox shaded\">\n<h3 class=\"title\">Is China going to surpass the United States in terms of standard of living?<\/h3>\n<p id=\"fs-idp54033968\">As shown in <a class=\"autogenerated-content\" href=\"#Table_19_11\">Table 11<\/a>, China has the second largest GDP of the countries: $9.5 trillion compared to the United States\u2019 $16.8 trillion. Perhaps it will surpass the United States, but probably not any time soon. China has a much larger population so that in per capita terms, its GDP is less than one fifth that of the United States ($6,958.70 compared to $53,001). The Chinese people are still quite poor relative to the United States and other developed countries. One caveat: For reasons to be discussed shortly, GDP per capita can give us only a rough idea of the differences in living standards across countries.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p id=\"fs-idp40685200\">The high-income nations of the world\u2014including the United States, Canada, the Western European countries, and Japan\u2014typically have GDP per capita in the range of $20,000 to $50,000. Middle-income countries, which include much of Latin America, Eastern Europe, and some countries in East Asia, have GDP per capita in the range of $6,000 to $12,000. The low-income countries in the world, many of them located in Africa and Asia, often have GDP per capita of less than $2,000 per year.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idm44698400\" class=\"summary\">\n<h1>Key Concepts and Summary<\/h1>\n<p id=\"fs-idm13552208\">Since GDP is measured in a country\u2019s currency, in order to compare different countries\u2019 GDPs, we need to convert them to a common currency. One way to do that is with the exchange rate, which is the price of one country\u2019s currency in terms of another. Once GDPs are expressed in a common currency, we can compare each country\u2019s GDP per capita by dividing GDP by population. Countries with large populations often have large GDPs, but GDP alone can be a misleading indicator of the wealth of a nation. A better measure is GDP per capita.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idm49947440\" class=\"self-check-questions\">\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>Self-Check Questions<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fs-idp32754816\">Is it possible for GDP to rise while at the same time per capita GDP is falling? Is it possible for GDP to fall while per capita GDP is rising?<\/li>\n<li id=\"fs-idm21667008\">The Central African Republic has a GDP of 1,107,689 million CFA francs and a population of 4.862 million. The exchange rate is 284.681CFA francs per dollar. Calculate the GDP per capita of Central African Republic.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"fs-idm15480880\" class=\"problems\"><\/section>\n<div>\n<h2>Glossary<\/h2>\n<dl id=\"fs-idm112288\" class=\"definition\">\n<dt>exchange rate<\/dt>\n<dd id=\"fs-idm63220144\">the price of one currency in terms of another currency<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<dl id=\"fs-idm39535616\" class=\"definition\">\n<dt>GDP per capita<\/dt>\n<dd id=\"fs-idm2999312\">GDP divided by the population<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bcc-box bcc-info\">\n<h3>Solutions<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Answers to Self-Check Questions<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fs-idm115578400\">Yes. The answer to both questions depends on whether GDP is growing faster or slower than population. If population grows faster than GDP, GDP increases, while GDP per capita decreases. If GDP falls, but population falls faster, then GDP decreases, while GDP per capita increases.<\/li>\n<li id=\"fs-idm40730656\">Start with Central African Republic\u2019s GDP measured in francs. Divide it by the exchange rate to convert to U.S. dollars, and then divide by population to obtain the per capita figure. That is, 1,107,689 million francs \/ 284.681 francs per dollar \/ 4.862 million people = $800.28 GDP per capita.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":32,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["openstax"],"pb_section_license":"cc-by"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[63],"license":[52],"class_list":["post-1051","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-openstax","license-cc-by"],"part":102,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1051","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1051\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1462,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1051\/revisions\/1462"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/102"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1051\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1051"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1051"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1051"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/accbertelsen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1051"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}