{"id":34,"date":"2021-05-31T13:06:12","date_gmt":"2021-05-31T13:06:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/chapter\/chapter-5-the-rhetorical-triangle\/"},"modified":"2025-07-16T18:33:33","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T18:33:33","slug":"chapter-5-the-rhetorical-triangle","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/chapter\/chapter-5-the-rhetorical-triangle\/","title":{"raw":"The Rhetorical Triangle","rendered":"The Rhetorical Triangle"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nBy the end of this section, you should be able to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Differentiate between the Shannon-Weaver model of communication and the rhetorical triangle model of communication.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Explain why Aristotle's rhetorical triangle model is the preferred communication model for this course.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nWhen we think about communication, we often imagine it as a simple, one-way process: someone sends a message, and someone else receives it. That\u2019s the basic idea behind the Shannon-Weaver model, which emphasizes technical accuracy and transmission. While applicable in some contexts (such as troubleshooting a poor phone signal), it doesn\u2019t fully capture the richness of genuine human interaction. This chapter introduces you to <strong data-start=\"551\" data-end=\"586\">[pb_glossary id=\"1939\"]Aristotle\u2019s rhetorical triangle[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong>, which focuses on the speaker, the message, and the audience. This model is better suited for organizational communication because it considers persuasion, relationships, and context. You'll learn why this approach is the foundation for the rest of this course, and how it can help you communicate more thoughtfully and effectively.\r\n<h2>The Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication<\/h2>\r\nCommunication textbooks often adopt the <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"1947\"]Shannon-Weaver T<\/strong><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><strong>ransmission Model (1948<\/strong>)<\/span><strong>[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>to represent the linear communication process, as shown in the image below.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_31\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"665\"]<img class=\"wp-image-31\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/ppsccom2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2021\/04\/shannon_weaver_model.jpeg\" alt=\"Shannon-Weaver's model of communication. Sender (information source), Encoder (Transmitter), Channel (noise), Decoder (reception), Receiver (Destination).\" width=\"665\" height=\"346\" \/> Figure 1.3 Shannon-Weaver's Model of Communication[\/caption]\r\n\r\nIn this linear model, a <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"251\"]sender[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong> encodes information and, through a transmitter, sends it to a <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"252\"]receiver[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong>, who subsequently decodes the message. According to this model then, information seems to move in a simplified, linear manner, even though the process can be complicated by <strong>[pb_glossary id=\"253\"]noise[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong>, which is information that is added unintentionally to a message during transmission,\u00a0\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>[pb_glossary id=\"254\"]feedback[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong>, which is information that the receiver transmits back to the sender.\r\n\r\nThe Shannon-Weaver model does have limits, though. While this communication model provided a fruitful basis for information theory\u2014a body of theory investigating the processes by which information is encoded and transmitted in a digital context\u2014it is less valuable when considering human communication. In this regard, the model fails to represent the dynamic nature of interpersonal communication due to the complexity of people. In other words, the Shannon-Weaver model simplistically depicts an act of communication as though information were somehow shared through a simple, linear action:\r\n<div class=\"textbox\">The sender transmits a message, the receiver receives the message, and the transmission is complete.<\/div>\r\nUnfortunately, perhaps, this is not how human communication works.\r\n<h2>A \"Simple\" Communication Example<\/h2>\r\nConsider, for instance, the simplest example of human communication: when one person greets another person. Let's say Person A, whom we\u2019ll refer to as \"the speaker,\" has a prior relationship with Person B, whom we\u2019ll refer to as \"the audience.\" In this case, the nature of that relationship will likely influence the greeting the speaker chooses to share. Now, what about the speaker\u2019s relationship to their message? What if they are uncomfortable with small talk and feel compelled to greet the audience, even though the speaker fears that the greeting will invite small talk?\r\n\r\nHowever, the speaker\u2019s relationship to the message will influence how they convey it, regardless of how they feel about the message. If they are anxious to greet the audience, they may be curt in their greeting or create ambiguity by looking away quickly. Now, let\u2019s turn to the audience: how will they interpret such a message? Inevitably, the audience's understanding will depend, in part, on the nature of their relationship with the speaker and their prior experience with the greeting the speaker offers. That is just one example that illustrates the complexity of analyzing communication. As we will see in this course, communication can be much more intricate.\r\n<h2>The Rhetorical Triangle<\/h2>\r\nTo account for the complexity of communication<span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">, examine the communication model known as the rhetorical triangle. Through this model, we can see that each of the elements of communication\u2014the speaker, audience, and message\u2014is related to<\/span>\u00a0the others, and we can understand that communication is a complex, <em>dynamic<\/em> system. The diagram below shows this.\r\n<h2><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-32\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/ppsccom2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/rhetorical-triangle-1.png\" alt=\"The Rhetorical Triangle Speaker\/Writer, Audience\/Reader, Message - Relation between each part of the triangle. \" width=\"820\" height=\"461\" \/><\/h2>\r\nNow, let's apply this model to our<strong> \"simple\" communication example<\/strong> from earlier in the chapter:\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_33\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1280\"]<img class=\"wp-image-33 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/The-Rhetorical-Triangle-in-Action.png\" alt=\"Speaker\/Writer relation. Speaker knows, Audience likes small talk, but wants to avoid. Audience wants to make small talk with Speaker. Audience\/Reader - Audience interprets curt message as sign that Speaker is in bad mood and doesn't want small talk. Message - The shortness of. the message communicates the speaker doesn't want small talk. Message to Speaker\/Writer - The message being short and curt will make the speaker appear a certain way. Speaker wants to avoid small talk, so makes Message a short, curt greeting. \" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" \/> Figure 1.4 The Rhetorical Triangle in Action[\/caption]\r\n\r\nAs the image above shows, a great deal is happening in this single interaction, and all of it co-occurs. The key to success in communication is to recognize it as a dynamic process in which the relationship of the speaker, message, and audience always impacts each other.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Key Takeaways<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The Shannon-Weaver model states that communication is a linear process in which the sender and receiver decode a message.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>While helpful for understanding communication at a basic level, the Shannon-Weaver model does not account for all its complexities.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In this course, we utilize Aristotle's rhetorical triangle model because it emphasizes the interrelatedness of the elements of communication\u2014speaker, audience, and message. This model shows that communication is much more dynamic.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">References<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nCommunication Theory. (n.d.) [Diagram of Shannon-Weaver's Model of Communication]. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.communicationtheory.org\/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication\/\">https:\/\/www.communicationtheory.org\/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication\/<\/a>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Attribution<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.saskoer.ca\/rcm200\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL\">Effective Professional Communication: A Rhetorical Approach<\/a>\u00a0Copyright \u00a9 2021 by\u00a0Rebekah Bennetch; Corey Owen; and Zachary Keesey\u00a0is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>By the end of this section, you should be able to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Differentiate between the Shannon-Weaver model of communication and the rhetorical triangle model of communication.<\/li>\n<li>Explain why Aristotle&#8217;s rhetorical triangle model is the preferred communication model for this course.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>When we think about communication, we often imagine it as a simple, one-way process: someone sends a message, and someone else receives it. That\u2019s the basic idea behind the Shannon-Weaver model, which emphasizes technical accuracy and transmission. While applicable in some contexts (such as troubleshooting a poor phone signal), it doesn\u2019t fully capture the richness of genuine human interaction. This chapter introduces you to <strong data-start=\"551\" data-end=\"586\"><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_34_1939\">Aristotle\u2019s rhetorical triangle<\/a><\/strong>, which focuses on the speaker, the message, and the audience. This model is better suited for organizational communication because it considers persuasion, relationships, and context. You&#8217;ll learn why this approach is the foundation for the rest of this course, and how it can help you communicate more thoughtfully and effectively.<\/p>\n<h2>The Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication<\/h2>\n<p>Communication textbooks often adopt the <strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_34_1947\">Shannon-Weaver T<\/strong><span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\"><strong>ransmission Model (1948<\/strong>)<\/span><strong><\/a><\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>to represent the linear communication process, as shown in the image below.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_31\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31\" style=\"width: 665px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/ppsccom2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2021\/04\/shannon_weaver_model.jpeg\" alt=\"Shannon-Weaver's model of communication. Sender (information source), Encoder (Transmitter), Channel (noise), Decoder (reception), Receiver (Destination).\" width=\"665\" height=\"346\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2021\/04\/shannon_weaver_model.jpeg 646w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2021\/04\/shannon_weaver_model-300x156.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2021\/04\/shannon_weaver_model-65x34.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2021\/04\/shannon_weaver_model-225x117.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2021\/04\/shannon_weaver_model-350x182.jpeg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 665px) 100vw, 665px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1.3 Shannon-Weaver&#8217;s Model of Communication<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In this linear model, a <strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_34_251\">sender<\/a><\/strong> encodes information and, through a transmitter, sends it to a <strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_34_252\">receiver<\/a><\/strong>, who subsequently decodes the message. According to this model then, information seems to move in a simplified, linear manner, even though the process can be complicated by <strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_34_253\">noise<\/a><\/strong>, which is information that is added unintentionally to a message during transmission,\u00a0\u00a0and\u00a0<strong><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_34_254\">feedback<\/a><\/strong>, which is information that the receiver transmits back to the sender.<\/p>\n<p>The Shannon-Weaver model does have limits, though. While this communication model provided a fruitful basis for information theory\u2014a body of theory investigating the processes by which information is encoded and transmitted in a digital context\u2014it is less valuable when considering human communication. In this regard, the model fails to represent the dynamic nature of interpersonal communication due to the complexity of people. In other words, the Shannon-Weaver model simplistically depicts an act of communication as though information were somehow shared through a simple, linear action:<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\">The sender transmits a message, the receiver receives the message, and the transmission is complete.<\/div>\n<p>Unfortunately, perhaps, this is not how human communication works.<\/p>\n<h2>A &#8220;Simple&#8221; Communication Example<\/h2>\n<p>Consider, for instance, the simplest example of human communication: when one person greets another person. Let&#8217;s say Person A, whom we\u2019ll refer to as &#8220;the speaker,&#8221; has a prior relationship with Person B, whom we\u2019ll refer to as &#8220;the audience.&#8221; In this case, the nature of that relationship will likely influence the greeting the speaker chooses to share. Now, what about the speaker\u2019s relationship to their message? What if they are uncomfortable with small talk and feel compelled to greet the audience, even though the speaker fears that the greeting will invite small talk?<\/p>\n<p>However, the speaker\u2019s relationship to the message will influence how they convey it, regardless of how they feel about the message. If they are anxious to greet the audience, they may be curt in their greeting or create ambiguity by looking away quickly. Now, let\u2019s turn to the audience: how will they interpret such a message? Inevitably, the audience&#8217;s understanding will depend, in part, on the nature of their relationship with the speaker and their prior experience with the greeting the speaker offers. That is just one example that illustrates the complexity of analyzing communication. As we will see in this course, communication can be much more intricate.<\/p>\n<h2>The Rhetorical Triangle<\/h2>\n<p>To account for the complexity of communication<span style=\"margin: 0px; padding: 0px;\">, examine the communication model known as the rhetorical triangle. Through this model, we can see that each of the elements of communication\u2014the speaker, audience, and message\u2014is related to<\/span>\u00a0the others, and we can understand that communication is a complex, <em>dynamic<\/em> system. The diagram below shows this.<\/p>\n<h2><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-32\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/ppsccom2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/rhetorical-triangle-1.png\" alt=\"The Rhetorical Triangle Speaker\/Writer, Audience\/Reader, Message - Relation between each part of the triangle.\" width=\"820\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/rhetorical-triangle-1.png 2667w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/rhetorical-triangle-1-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/rhetorical-triangle-1-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/rhetorical-triangle-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/rhetorical-triangle-1-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/rhetorical-triangle-1-2048x1152.png 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/rhetorical-triangle-1-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/rhetorical-triangle-1-225x127.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/rhetorical-triangle-1-350x197.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/h2>\n<p>Now, let&#8217;s apply this model to our<strong> &#8220;simple&#8221; communication example<\/strong> from earlier in the chapter:<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-33 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/The-Rhetorical-Triangle-in-Action.png\" alt=\"Speaker\/Writer relation. Speaker knows, Audience likes small talk, but wants to avoid. Audience wants to make small talk with Speaker. Audience\/Reader - Audience interprets curt message as sign that Speaker is in bad mood and doesn't want small talk. Message - The shortness of. the message communicates the speaker doesn't want small talk. Message to Speaker\/Writer - The message being short and curt will make the speaker appear a certain way. Speaker wants to avoid small talk, so makes Message a short, curt greeting.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/The-Rhetorical-Triangle-in-Action.png 1280w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/The-Rhetorical-Triangle-in-Action-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/The-Rhetorical-Triangle-in-Action-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/The-Rhetorical-Triangle-in-Action-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/The-Rhetorical-Triangle-in-Action-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/The-Rhetorical-Triangle-in-Action-225x127.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/231\/2025\/03\/The-Rhetorical-Triangle-in-Action-350x197.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1.4 The Rhetorical Triangle in Action<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>As the image above shows, a great deal is happening in this single interaction, and all of it co-occurs. The key to success in communication is to recognize it as a dynamic process in which the relationship of the speaker, message, and audience always impacts each other.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Key Takeaways<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>The Shannon-Weaver model states that communication is a linear process in which the sender and receiver decode a message.<\/li>\n<li>While helpful for understanding communication at a basic level, the Shannon-Weaver model does not account for all its complexities.<\/li>\n<li>In this course, we utilize Aristotle&#8217;s rhetorical triangle model because it emphasizes the interrelatedness of the elements of communication\u2014speaker, audience, and message. This model shows that communication is much more dynamic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">References<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Communication Theory. (n.d.) [Diagram of Shannon-Weaver&#8217;s Model of Communication]. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.communicationtheory.org\/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication\/\">https:\/\/www.communicationtheory.org\/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication\/<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Attribution<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saskoer.ca\/rcm200\" rel=\"cc:attributionURL\">Effective Professional Communication: A Rhetorical Approach<\/a>\u00a0Copyright \u00a9 2021 by\u00a0Rebekah Bennetch; Corey Owen; and Zachary Keesey\u00a0is licensed under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\" rel=\"license\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_34_1939\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_34_1939\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>focuses on the speaker, the message, and the audience<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_34_1947\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_34_1947\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>It's a linear model of communication that describes communication as a process involving five key elements: an information source, a transmitter, a channel, a receiver, and a destination.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_34_251\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_34_251\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>a person who sends a message<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_34_252\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_34_252\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>a person who receives a message from a sender<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_34_253\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_34_253\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>information that is added unintentionally to a message during a transmission<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_34_254\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_34_254\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>information that a receiver sends back to the sender<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":101,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-34","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":21,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/34","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/101"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/34\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2685,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/34\/revisions\/2685"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/21"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/34\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=34"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=34"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.ccconline.org\/2250organizationalcommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=34"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}